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1NewMiningTechnology采矿新技术李明2Miningtechnology:scratchingthesurface采矿技术:刻画(停留在)表面•Miningisgoingthrougharapidandprofoundtransformation.Itisbecomingaglobalindustry,increasinglydominatedbyaradicallyshrinkingnumberofglobalminingcompanies.•采矿业正在经历一个快速而深刻的变革。受到全球矿业公司数目急剧萎缩(不断减少的趋势)的支配/控制,采矿业正在变成一个全球性的行业/产业。3•Paradoxically,miningtechnologyisnotdevelopingatanythinglikethesamespeed,eventhoughsomesignificantchangeshavetakenplace.Becauseminingisaglobalindustry,itstechnologiesarerapidlytransferredbetweencountriesandthereisnotthesameurgentcompetitiveincentivetodevelopproprietarytechnologiesthatonefindsinmanyotherindustries.•proprietary专利的/专利权的/私有的;incentive刺激性的/鼓励性质的/诱发的•奇怪的是,采矿技术并没有以同样的速度发展,即使已经发生了一些重大的变化。由于采矿是一项全球性的行业,其技术正在国家之间快速地转让,而且并没有像在其他许多行业中同样急迫的竞争去激励其开发专利技术。4•Currently,miningcompaniesareputtingfarmoreemphasisonfindingnew,higher-gradeoredepositsworldwidethanfindingbetterwaystominethem.Demandformetalsandmineralsisup,andrising;soareprices.•当前,矿业公司更加注重于在全球范围内寻找新的高品位的矿床而不是去寻找更好的方法去开采它们。对金属及矿物的需求量已经很大了,并且一直在增加/升高,同样它们的价格也在提高。5•Tosomeextent,theminingcompanieshaveactuallywithdrawnfromthetaskoftechnologicalinnovationastheyfocusontheurgentimmediategoalofincreasingproductiontokeepupwithdemand.•在一定程度上,矿业公司实际上已经撤消了科技创新的目标,因为它们把注意力集中在迫切的增加生产满足需求的直接目标上了。•keepupwith跟上6•Furtherdowntheroad,however,developingtechnologywillnotplayasimportantaroleinallsectorsofminingasithasinthepast.Miningmaynotbetheoldestprofession,butispossiblytheoldestindustry–theearliestknownminedatesback43,000years.Technologicalprogresshasalwaysbeenthekeytokeepingmineraldepletionandmineralpricesinbalance.•再这样下去的话,无论如何,在矿业各方面发展技术不会象以前那样发挥同等重要的作用了。矿业或许不是最老的职业,但可能是最老的行业—已知最早的矿可以追溯到43,000年前。科技进步始终是矿石损耗和矿石价格保持平衡的关键。7•Sincetheearly1900s,theNationalMaterialsAdvisoryBoardintheU.S.pointsout,arelentlesssearchhasbeenunderwayfornewandinnovativeminingtechnologiesthatcanimprovehealth,safety,andproductivity,aswellasmitigatetheadverseenvironmentalandecologicalimpactsofmining.•自20世纪初,美国的国家材料咨询委员会指出,对新型的和创新性的开采技术已经进行了不懈的研究,来改善健康、提升安全以及提高生产效率,也减轻采矿对环境和生态的不利影响。•underway在进行中;8•Miningtechnologyinnovationsincludedtheinventionofthesafetylamp,andsafeuseofdynamiteforfragmentation,thesafeuseofelectricity,thedevelopmentofcontinuousminingmachinesforcuttingcoal,theinventionofrockboltsforgroundsupport,open-pitminingtechnologyforminingmassive,low-gradedeposits,andtheintroductionoflongwallcoalmining.•采矿技术的创新包括安全灯的发明、炸药破碎的安全运用、安全用电、开发连续采煤机、发明岩石锚杆用于地层支护、露天矿开采技术用于开采厚大及低品位矿床和引进长壁式采煤。9•Theminingindustryiscurrentlysettingimpressiverecordsinundergroundandsurfacemineproduction,productivity,andhealthandsafetyinallsectors(metal,industrialminerals,andcoal).•目前,采矿业在地下和露天矿山的采矿生产、生产率、健康和安全等的所有(金属、工业矿物和煤炭)方面创立令人难忘的记录。10•Inspiteofthis,theindustryneedsmoreeffectiveandefficientminingtechnologies.Forexample,theinabilitytoascertaintheconditionsaheadintheminingfacecanslowprogressandcreatehealthandsafetyhazards.•尽管如此,该行业需要更有效和效率高的矿产开采技术。例如,在无法探知回采工作面前方的状况时,会使工作进展缓慢和有健康、安全的危险。•ascertain确定/探知;11•Asminingprogressestogreaterdepths,theincreaseinrockstressrequiresinnovativedesignsforensuringtheshortandlongtermstabilityoftheminestructure.•随着采矿向更大的深度(深部)发展,岩石应力的增加需要创新的设计,以确保矿井结构的短期和长期的稳定。12•“Trulycontinuousminingrequiresinnovativefragmentationandmaterial-handlingsystems,”saida2002reportbytheNationalMaterialsAdvisoryBoard.Inaddition,sensing,analyzing,andcommunicatingdataandinformationwillbecomeincreasinglyimportant.•美国国家材料咨询委员会2002年的报告指出“真正连续的开采需要创新性的破碎和物料输送系统,”。此外,感测、分析和传输数据和信息将变得越来越重要”13•Miningenvironmentsalsopresentuniquechallengestothedesignandoperationofequipment.Innovativemaintenancestrategies,supportedbymodernmonitoringtechnologies,willbenecessaryforincreasingtheoperationallifeofequipmentandtheminingsystemasawhole.•采矿环境也对设备的设计和操作提出了独特的要求。由现代监测技术支撑的创新性的维修策略,总体上对于提高设备和矿业系统的运行寿命将是必要的。14•Minetechnologydevelopmentcomesfromawidevarietyofsources.Someofthemostradicalandpromisinginnovationsareadaptationsoftechnologiesoriginallydevisedforotherindustries.•采矿技术/工艺的发展有一系列来源.最基本和最有前途的一些原始设计技术的创新是为了适合于其他的行业而进行的.•adaptfor使适合于/为…改编;Advancedminetechnology:someexamples先进采矿技术的一些实例15•“Miningtechnologyadvancementtodayisprogressinginseveraldistinctareas,”saysGregBaiden,LaurentianUniversity’sCanadianresearchchairinroboticsandmineautomation.“Themainareasofadvancementarecomputersystemsforengineeringandgeology,voiceanddatacommunicationsandsurfaceplantcontrol.•“现今采矿技术在几个明显不同的领域里发展进步,”加拿大(Laurentian)劳伦系大学的GregBaiden在研究讲座中在谈到机器人技术与采矿自动化时说到.主要的发展领域是工程与地质学,声音与数据传输以及露天机械控制的计算机系统方面.16•Examplesofthenewtechnologiesincludeminedesignsoftware,rockanalysissoftware,andgeologymappingsoftware.Furtheradvancesinvoiceanddatacommunicationshaveseenthebeginningsoftele-operationofminingequipmentfromLHDs(load-haul-dumps倾倒)anddrillstorobotarms.•新技术的例子包括采矿设计软件、岩石分析软件以及地质绘图软件.在声音与数据传输方面的进一步发展已经看到了由从LHDS和钻机到机器人钻臂发展而带来的采矿设备的远程操作的开端.17•Surfaceplantshavegraduallyseentheintroductionofrelativelyadvancedprocesscontroltechnology.Forexample,fuzzylogiccontrollershavebeenappliedtomilloperation.”•露天机械也逐渐地引进了相对先进的加工控制技术。例如,模糊逻辑控制器已经被用于磨矿/破碎。•Thefollowingexamplesarejustatinyselectiono
本文标题:采矿新技术---停留在表面
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