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1信号的时域分析连续时间信号的时域描述连续时间信号的基本运算离散时间信号的时域描述离散时间信号的基本运算确定信号的时域分解2连续时间信号的时域描述典型普通信号直流信号正弦信号指数类信号抽样信号奇异信号单位阶跃信号冲激信号斜坡信号冲激偶信号3一、典型普通信号tAtf,)(1.直流信号tAtf)(A04一、典型普通信号)sin()(0tAtf2.正弦信号A:振幅0:角频率:初始相位00π2T周期信号t)sin()(0AttfAA005一、典型普通信号tAtfe)(3.指数类信号—实指数信号tAetf)(At0006一、典型普通信号3.指数类信号—虚指数信号ttf0je)(周期性:)()(Ttftf)(jj00eeTtt2,1,π20nnT00π2T虚指数信号的基本周期:)ee(21)cos(jjttt)ee(j21)sin(jjtttEuler公式:7一、典型普通信号3.指数类信号—复指数信号0je)(sAtfstttAtf0jee)(tAtAtt00sinejcosettet0sin0ttt0sine08一、典型普通信号4.抽样信号1t)(Satpp2p3p3p2ptttsin)(Sa1)0(Sa2,1,0)π(Sakkπd)(Sa-tttttπ)πsin()(sinc抽样信号的性质:与Sa(t)信号类似的是sinc(t)函数,定义9二、奇异信号1.单位阶跃信号0001)(tttu00001)(ttttttu0t)(tu10t)(0ttu0t1定义:10二、奇异信号1.单位阶跃信号阶跃信号的作用:TT21t)(tf)(aTT21t)(tf)(b(1)表示任意的方波脉冲信号f(t)=u(tT)u(t2T)11二、奇异信号1.单位阶跃信号阶跃信号的作用:(2)利用阶跃信号的单边性表示信号的时间范围)()(sin00tutt)()(sin000ttutt0tt0)(sin0tutt0)(sin00ttut0tt00tt012二、奇异信号2.冲激信号1=d)(tt单位阶跃信号加在电容两端,流过电容的电流i(t)=Cdu(t)/dt可用冲激信号表示。狄拉克(Dirac)定义:(t)=0,t0(2)冲激信号的定义(1)冲激信号的引出13二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(3)冲激信号的图形表示t)(t)1(01=d)(tt(t)=0,t014二、奇异信号2.冲激信号说明:①冲激信号可以延时至任意时刻t0,以符号(tt0)表示,其波形如图所示。(tt0)的定义式为:000)(tttt1d)(d)(0000ttttttttt)(0tt)1(0t015二、奇异信号2.冲激信号③冲激信号的物理意义:表征作用时间极短,作用值很大的物理现象的数学模型。④冲激信号的作用:②冲激信号具有强度,其强度就是冲激信号对时间的定积分值。在图中用括号注明,以区分信号的幅值。A.表示其他任意信号B.表示信号间断点的导数t)(t)1(说明:16二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(4)冲激信号的极限模型t21)(tft1)(tgt2/1)(th)(lim)(lim)(lim)(000thtgtft17二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(5)冲激信号的广义函数定义)0(d)()(ttt(t)为测试函数,是任意连续的信号18二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(6)冲激信号的性质①筛选特性)(tf)1(t0t))((0tft0t)()(0tttf)()()()(000tttftttf19二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(6)冲激信号的性质②取样特性)(d)()(00tfttttfttttfd)()(0ttttfd)()(00ttttfd)()(00)(0tf证明:利用筛选特性20二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(6)冲激信号的性质③展缩特性)0()(1)(tt推论:冲激信号是偶函数。根据(t)泛函定义证明取a=1,可得(t)=(t)21二、奇异信号2.冲激信号(6)冲激信号的性质④冲激信号与阶跃信号的关系ttt0001d)()(tuttud)(d)(t22[例]计算下列各式tttd)4π()sin()1(325d)1(e)2(ttt642d)8(e)3(ttttttd)22(e)4(222d)13()3()5(tttt)2()32)(6(23ttt)22(e)7(4tt)1()(e)8(2ttut23解:2/2)4πsin(d)4π()sin()1(ttt515325e/1ed)1(e)2(ttt0d)8(e)3(642ttte21d)1(21ed)22(e)4(tttttt0d)3(3)3(d)13()3()5(222222tttttttt)2(19)2()3222()2()32)(6(2323ttttt)1(e21)1(e21)1(21e)22(e)7(4(-1)444tttttt0)1(0)1()1(e)1()(e)8((-1)22ttuttut242.对于(at+b)形式的冲激信号,要先利用冲激信号的展缩特性将其化为(t+b/a)/|a|形式后,方可利用冲激信号的取样特性与筛选特性。1.在冲激信号的取样特性中,其积分区间不一定都是(,+),但只要积分区间不包括冲激信号(tt0)的t=t0时刻,则积分结果必为零。25二、奇异信号3.斜坡信号000)(ttttr)()(tuttr或t1)(tr10定义:26二、奇异信号3.斜坡信号t1)(tr1)(d)(dtuttrtutrd)()(斜坡信号与阶跃信号之间的关系:0t)(tu127[例]写出图示信号的时域描述式。01tf(t)121(1)解:)2()1()()1()(trtrtrtrtf(1)01tf(t)11(2)(2))1(2)(2)1()(trtrtutf-128二、奇异信号4.冲激偶信号)1(t)('t0冲激偶信号的图形表示定义:tttd)(d)('29二、奇异信号4.冲激偶信号性质:0d)('tt)(')('tt)()(')(')()(')(00000tttftttftttf)('d)(')(00tfttttf(取样特性)(筛选特性)0)()('1)('tt(展缩特性)30tttd)(d)('ttutd)(d)(ttrtud)(d)(d)()(tutrd)()(ttud)(')(tt
本文标题:L02_信号时域分析1
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