电脑零件识别及主机板认识

藉由主機板之介紹,讓測試新進人員熟悉重要零件及其功能Themainboardhardwareintroductioncanprovidethenewtestingoperatorswiththeinformationofmaincomponentsandfunction.CNRSlotPCISlotGameport/AudioConnectorLPT/COMConectorUSBConnectorKB/MouseConnectorCPUSocketPowerConnectorDIMMmoduleFDDSocketIDESocketBGAChip(南橋)BIOSreflashromBGAChip(北橋)AGPSlotVIA廠牌之南/北橋晶片The“VIA“trademarkBGAchips南/北橋VIA廠牌BGA晶片Intel廠牌之南/北橋晶片The“Intel“trademarkBGAchips南/北橋Intel廠牌BGA晶片AMD廠牌之南/北橋晶片The“AMD“trademarkBGAchips南/北橋AMD廠牌BGA晶片SIS廠牌BGA晶片SIS廠牌之晶片The“SIS“trademarkBGAchipsPentium及CeleronCPU所使用之CPU腳座(Socket370)TheSocket370isuserforPentium&CeleronCPU.PGA370CPUSocket(PGA370)CPUSocket(Socket423)Pentium4之423pinCPU所使用之CPU腳座(Socket423)TheSocket423isuserforPentium4–423pinCPU.Socket423CPUSocket(PGA478)Pentium4之478pinCPU所使用之CPU腳座(PGA478)ThePGA478isuserforPentium4–478pinCPU.PGA478AMDCPU腳座(Socket462),其與Pentium及CeleronCPU所使用之腳座(Socket370)有些許腳位不同,於測試時須特別注意,分類.TheAMDusesacupsocketcalled462isdifferentfromthecupsocketsofthePentium&Celeroncalled370.ThedifferentofthetwotypesocketsNeedtobepaidmoreattention.標紅圈之處,並無接腳位.測試人員應使用AMDCPU,須特別注意.SOCKET462CPUSocket(SOCKET462)主機板上之電源插座(POWERConnector)Themainboardprovidesthepowerconnector.POWERCONNECTOR主機板上所插記憶體之腳座ThememorybankisusedforaDIMMmodule.DIMMModule硬碟或光碟機排線所插之腳座(IDE)TheIDEConnectorsareusedforHDD&CD-ROM.IDESocket磁碟機排線所插之腳座(FDD)TheFDDConnectorisusedforastandardfloppydisk.FDDSocket顯示卡所插之AGP插槽,但須注意其有2X及4X之差異TheAGPslotisusedforinstallingtheAGPcard.Thedifferentof2X&4Xmustbepaidattention.2X及4X腳座其標示之處結構不同,須特別注意AGPSlot主機板上供擴充之PCI插槽,例如PCI之音效卡或網路卡……等等.TheexpansionslotisforthePCItypeofsoundorVGAcards.PCISlot數據卡(modemcard:CNR)之插槽,其與另一種規格之AMR有所差異,須特別注意.Theslotofmodemcards,itisdifferentfromanothertypeofAMR.CNRSlot數據卡(Audio/ModemRiserCard:AMR)之插槽Theslotofmodemcard(AMR)AMRSlotCNRAMR紅線標示之處為AMR及CNR在長度及結構差異之處,需注意.TheslotofAMR&CNRmustpayattentiontotheDifferencebetween.主機板上之鍵盤(Keyboard)及滑鼠(Mouse)之插頭,上為滑鼠接頭,下為鍵盤接頭,需注意.AKeyboard&Mouseconnector,thetopportisusedforthemouse;thebottomportisusedforthekeyboard.接滑鼠接鍵盤KB/MouseConnector另一種傳輸操作介面---USB插頭TheanothertypeofI/Ointerface,thatisappliedforUSB.USBConnector主機板上之連接埠(LPT),功用上可連接印表機….等等.Theparallelport(LPT)connectorontheM/Bisusedforaprinter,…..etc.LPTConnector主機板上之連接埠(COM),功用上可連接RS232介面之數據機,滑鼠…..等等.TheM/Ba9-pinmaleDINconnectorforserialportcomA.ThisportcanusetoconnecttotheRS232typeinterfaceofmodem,mouse,…etc.COMConnector若主機板上直接有顯示卡之功能,而未需使用顯示卡,則此插頭便是顯示卡之插頭,可直接連接至螢幕.IftheM/Bisbuiltwithvideofunctionwithoutusinganyvideocard,theVGAconnectorisconnectedtothemonitor.VGAConnector主機板上之搖桿及音效之插座,上為搖桿插頭;下為音效接頭.其依序為:紅(麥克風);藍(輸入端);綠(輸出端).Thejoystick&audioportconnector.Thetopportistheconnectorforjoystick.Thebottomportisforaudiooutput.Byorder,theredistheconnectorformicrophone,theblueisforoutput,andthegreenisforinput.Gameport頭麥克風端輸入端輸出端Gameport/AudioConnector主機板上之基本輸入/輸出記憶體元件(BIOSReflashRom)TheCMOSRAM:TheRAMtypeofcomponentprovidestheinput/outputbasicsystemconfiguration.BIOSReflashRom