虚拟语气学案

虚拟语气适用学科英语适用年级高二适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60知识点虚拟语气学习目标1掌握对于现在事实虚拟的结构和应用2掌握对于过去事实的虚拟的结构和应用3掌握对于将来事实的虚拟的结构和应用学习重点虚拟语气在具体语境中的应用，判断出是对于哪种时态的虚拟学习难点虚拟语气在具体语境中的应用，判断出是对于哪种时态的虚拟学习过程一、复习预习复习上节内容，并引入本节课程内容二、知识讲解虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，主要用法有两种：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+S+were/didS+would/should/might/could＋V与过去事实相反的假设If+S+had+doneS+would/should/might/could＋havedone与将来事实相反的假设If+S+were/didshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/might/could＋V1.表示对现在的虚拟：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifwehadtime,wewouldattendthemeeting.2.表示对过去的虚拟：IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhaveseenyou.IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberthen,Iwouldhavecalledyou.3.表示对将来的虚拟：Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.考点/易错点1省略if的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中的if在一些情况下可以省略，请看下面的例子：Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.Hadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.IfIwereinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.考点/易错点2混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.Ifyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterday,Iwouldn’tbesoworriednow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedtheconcertlastnight.考点/易错点3含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,butfor,otherwise,or等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehewouldhaveattendedtheparty.考点/易错点4半虚半不虚原则在有些句子中，并非整个句子都用虚拟语气，而是前半句表虚拟，后半句表事实，或者前半句表事实，后半句表虚拟，这类句子我们称之为“半虚半不虚”的虚拟语句。Iwouldhaveattendedthepartyyesterday,butIfellill.Iwouldloseweight,butIeatalotnow.Youfellill,or/otherwiseyouwouldhaveattendedthepartyyesterday.Heeatsalot,or/otherwisehewouldloseweightnow.考点/易错点5“情态动词should/oughtto/could/may/might+havedone”表示“过去本……而事实上未……”的虚拟语气，一般表示委婉的责备。Youarelateagain.Youcouldhavecomeearlier.Youhavemadeafewmistakes.Youmighthavebeenalittlebitmorecareful.Youshouldhavetoldmeearlierthatyouweren’tabletocome.It’ssonear.Weneedn’thavetakenataxi.三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】(2014北京卷)We__________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会在宾馆里了。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D正确。【例题2】【题干】1._______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.（2012吉林高考预测）A.WouldB.ShouldC.WereD.Will【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气,省略if，从句倒装的情况。表示与将来事实相反时，条件句中使用“should+v,weretodo,did”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果明天下雨，我们就会不得不推迟去参观杨浦大桥。根据从句的tomorrow可知本句是与将来事实相反，故B正确。【例题3】【题干】（2014湖南卷）22.IfMr.Dewey_____present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.wereB.hadbeenG.shouldbeD.was【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的情况。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要使用“过去完成时haddone”，主句要使用“情态动词+havedone”。句义：如果MrDewey在场，他就会向那里的人提供保证。根据本句后面主句中的wouldhaveoffered说明与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去完成时。故B正确。【例题4】【题干】（2014天津卷）15.________themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught【答案】D【解析】考察省略和倒装以及虚拟语气。本题实际上是一个条件状语从句的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。条件句中使用“过去完成式”，主句使用“情态动词+havedone”；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提前形成部分倒装。句义：如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。故D正确。四、课堂运用【基础】【例题1】【题干】1.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome【例题2】【题干】Ifyouhadbroughtyourswimsuitwithyou,we________swimminginthelakenow.A．couldgoB．couldhavegoneC．cangoD．havegone【巩固】1________anything,givemeacallandI'llbegladtohelpyou.A．HadyourequiredB．ShouldyourequireC．YourequiredD．Youhadrequired2.(2013·北京高考)Ifwe________atableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.A．havebookedB．bookedC．bookD．hadbooked3Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe________there,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive【拔高】1.Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe________there,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.havingaskedD.Weretolive2.Ifmaycar_________morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe3Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver________soseriouslynow.A．isnotpollutedB．wouldnotbepollutedC．hadnotbeenpollutedD．wouldnothavebeenpolluted4We________thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellme?A．shouldfaceB．mightfaceC．couldhavefacedD．musthavefaced课程小结本节课主要讲对于现在，过去将来的虚拟，以及相关的考察。课后作业【基础】1.(2012·安徽高考)Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe________there,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A．livesB．wouldliveC．haslivedD．weretolive2．(2012·浙江高考)Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they________secondthoughts.A．mayhaveB．couldhaveC．musthavehadD．mighthavehad【巩固】1．Wewerestuckonthewaytothescenicspot,otherwisewe________lotsoffunthere.A．hadhadB．havehadC．couldhavehadD．couldhave2．Fortunatelyithappenedatnight.Ifthehurricane________duringthedaytime,there________moredeaths.A．hadhappened;wouldhavebeenB．happened;wouldbeC．hadhappened;wouldbeD．happened;wouldhavebeen【拔高】1._______itraintomorrow,wes