十字花科蔬菜害虫及其防治

十字花科蔬菜害虫及其防治贤振华十字花科蔬菜主要种类一、白菜类Family:CruciferaeGenus:Brassica包括大白菜ChineseCabbage小白菜Pak-choi菜心FloweringChineseCabbage二、甘蓝类包括甘蓝Cabbage芥蓝Chinesekale椰菜Broccoli花椰菜Cauliflower三、芥菜类包括叶用芥菜（BrassicajunceaCoss.）类茎用芥菜（BrassicajunceaCoss.var.tsatsaiMao）类四、萝卜类包括白萝卜的多种品种品系十字花科蔬菜害虫主要种类鳞翅目小菜蛾、菜青虫斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、粉纹夜蛾、菜螟同翅目甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜桃蚜烟粉虱鞘翅目黄条曲跳甲大、小猿叶甲小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella(L.)Diamondbackmoth菜青虫Pierisrapae(L.)CabbageButterfly1.ItshostincludeBrassicaspecies.CultivatedandwildCruciferae.ItiswidespreadthroughoutEuropeandmuchofAsia,NorthAfrica,Australia,NewZealand,Hawaii,Canada,USAandMexico.2.Damage:Thelarvaefeedsingly,usuallydeepinthecabbageheart,makingholesintheleaves,eveneatupallleafblade,onlythemainveinsareleft,withfrassaccumulation.Thecaterpillarsprefertofeedinthe‘heart’ofthecabbageandoccasionallycauseheavyinfestationsandpartialdefoliation.InGuangdongProvincetheremaybe7-8generationsperyear.3.IdentificationAdult:Adultisawhitebutterflywithawingspanabout45-55mminthefemale.Thewingsbearseveralblackmarkings.Eggs:Thebulletin-likeeggsarelaidsinglyonlowsurfaceoftheleaves.Therearemanyverticalridgesonthesurfaceofegg.Larva:Fully-grownlarvaisabout30mmlong,velvetygreenwithafaintyellowdorsalstrip,andarowofyellowspotsalongeachsideinlinewiththespiracles.Pupa:Thepupaisshuttle-likeform,sharplyangled,attachedusuallytotheundersideoftheleafbyaloopofsilk.EggsLarvaAdultPupa1.Itisatotallypolyphagouspestandfeedonaverywiderangeofcropsincludingvegetables,cotton,rice,tomatoandtobacco.OtherhostplantsincludeCitrus,cacao,sweetpotato,rubberlegumes,sorghum,maizeetc.2.Distribution:ItmainlydistributesinSouthandEasternOldWorldtropics,includingPakistan,India,Bangladesh,SriLanka,China,Korea,Japan,Thailand,Vietnam,Philippines,Indonesia,Austral-Asia,Pacificislands,HawaiiandFiji.3.Damage:Thiscaterpillarisbasicallyaleaf-eater.Heavyinfestationscanseriouslydefoliatethecrops,especiallytheyoungplants.Newlyhatchedlarvaearegregariousandremaintogetherandskeletonizetheleafonwhichtheyfeed.Latertheydisperseandbecomemoresolitaryandnocturnalinhabits.Onegenerationcanbecompletedinaslittleas24-30days,andinthehumidtropicstheremaybe8generationsannually.4.Identification:Adult:Theadultsarepalebrownishmoth,withtheyellow-brownforewinghavingadistinctivepalebandmedially:wingspanis30-40mm.Eggs:Eggsarespherical(0.3mm)indiameter,andlaidontheundersidesofleavesinbatchesof100-300andcoveredwithyellowcoloredhair-scales.Eachfemalelaysabout100-2000eggs,hatchingrequires2-6days.Larvae:Thenewlyhatchedlarvaearepalegreenatfirst,andwithadistinctblackbandonthefirstabdominalsegment.Latertheybecomebrownwithdarkmarking,withyellowlateralanddorsalstripes.Thelateralyellowstripisbordereddorsallywithaseriesofsemi-lunarmarks.Pupa:Pupationtakesplaceinthesoilinanearthencell,justbeneaththesurface,Thepupaisdarkred,15-20mmlong.斜纹夜蛾Spodopteralitura(F.)CommonLeafwormAdultEggsLarvae1.Itattacksmorethan170differentspeciesofhostplantsincludingcabbage,radish,lettuce,eggplant,pepper,tomatoes,potatoes,beansgourds,rice,cotton,sugarbeet,tobacco,etc.2.Distribution:Africa,SoutheastAsia,CentralandSouthEurope,MiddleEast,Australia,SouthernUSA,India,SouthernChina,Philippines,Indonesia,andCanada.3.Damage:Younglarvaeeatfoliagewithinwebsundersideoftheleaves.Thecaterpillarsaregregarious,movinginswarms,anddestroyingtheyoungleavesandstemsofthehostplants.Youngseedlingscanbecompletelydestroyed,butolderplantsoftenrecoverafteranattackandmaybestillvigorously.Younglarvaeskeletonizetheundersideoftheleaves,butlaterastheygrowtheyeattheentirelamina.InSouthChinathereareusuallyeightgenerations.4.Identification:Adult:Theadultisasmallbrownmothofwingspanupto25mm,andtheforewingisgrayish-brownwithtwoyellowspotsnearthecenter.Thehindwingisatranslucentwhitewithnarrowbrownborders,Therearerathernondescriptinappearanceandnoteasytorecognize.Eggs:Eggsarelaidontheleavesofthehostplants,inclusters,severallayersthick,andcoveredwithhairsfromthefemaleabdomen.Eachclustercontains50-300eggs,onefemalecanlay300-900eggs(upto1700).Eggsusuallyhatchafter2-4days.Larvae:Thelarvaeareverygregarious,atfirstgreen,laterbecomingvariablegreenorbrownusuallywithalateralstrip.Younglarvaeskeletonizetheundersideoftheleaves,butastheygrowtheyeattheentirelamina.Pupa:Pupationtakesplaceinthesoilandlastsabout6days.甜菜夜蛾SpodopteraexiguaBeetArmywormAdultEggsLarvae粉纹夜蛾TrichoplusianiCabbagelooperEggsLarvae蔬菜蚜虫Vegetableaphids1萝卜蚜LipaphiserysimiTurnipAphid2桃蚜MyzuspericaeGreenPeachAphid3甘蓝蚜BrevicorynebrassicaeCabbageAphid1.Cabbageaphidandturnipaphidmainlyfeedoncruciferae.CabbageaphidpreferscabbageandotherBrassicasppbutturnipaphidlikesChinesecabbageandradishbetter.Greenpeachaphidistrulyapolyphagousspecies;about875plantsin35differentfamiliesarerecordedasitshosts.Themainhostispeach,thealternativehostsincludepotato,tomato,tobacco,beet,cerealsandvegetables.AllthreespeciesofaphidsoccurcommonlyandmixedoncruciferousvegetablesinChina.2.DistributionCabbageaphid:Theaphiddistributesthroughouttheworldintemperateandsubtropicalclimates.InChinaitoccursnearlyallpartsofthecountrybesidesTibet.Turnipaphid:Mostlyin