一种现场应用的织机鸟虫自动控制装置的设计(IJEM-V7-N5-1)

I.J.EngineeringandManufacturing,2017,5,1-15PublishedOnlineSeptember2017inMECS()DOI:10.5815/ijem.2017.05.01Availableonlineat*,O.DOyedumb,O.BAwojowogbeca,b,cDepartmentofPhysicsFederalUniversityofTechnology,Minna,Nigeria.Received:19April2017;Accepted:13May2017;Published:08September2017AbstractPreliminarystudiesconductedinthefieldofultrasonicbroadcastforbirdpestcontrolhasidentifiedamongothers,thatultrasoundofspecificfrequenciesandcertainaudiosoundscanservesaseffectiveparametersinweaverbirdpestscaring.Ofinterestisultrasoundfrequencyof35kHzastheput-to-flightandstay-awayfrequencyinbirdhomes,while25kHzholdsinfarmconditions.Thesefindingssetthestageforthisworkwhichisaimedatdeterminingthecompositions,dimensionsandspecificationsofastand-alonedevicecapableofelectronicallygeneratingultrasoundoftherequiredfrequenciesandincorporatingaudiosoundsofpredatorstoeffectivelyscareweaverbirdsawayfromfarmswhileovercomingthechallengeofhabituation.Thedesignconsistsofsectionsas:thesolarpowersupply,tripping,timing,oscillatory,frequencyselection,amplification,microcontroller,predatorcry,LCDandultrasonictransducersectionsandtheirrespectivecircuits.Thedesignifimplementedandtested,willensure360ohorizontalultrasoundcoverageandaverticalboosttoeffectivelyrepelweavebirdpestsfromthevicinityofbroadcast.IndexTerms:Ultrasound,stand-alonedevice,designconsiderations,integratedcircuit(IC),habituation,weaverbirds.©2017PublishedbyMECSPublisher.Selectionand/orpeerreviewunderresponsibilityoftheResearchAssociationofModernEducationandComputerScience.1.IntroductionElectronicpestcontroldevicesareelectronicallydesigneddevicesusedtokeepawaypestsfromvicinitywheretheyaredeployed.Theyhavetheadvantageofbeingsafe,cheap,environmentallyandecosystemfriendly[1],especiallywhencomparedwithchemicalpestcontrolmethod[2].However,controversiestrailitsapplication,astheyareregardedasbeingeffective[3],partiallyeffective[4]andineffective[5].Habituationwasidentifiedasthesolereasonforthiscontroversy[6].Designconsiderationsandpracticestotechnically*Correspondingauthor.Tel.[phone]E-mailaddress:[e-mail]2DesignDescriptionofaStand-Alone,Auto-FrequencyUltrasonicBrandofWeaverBirdPestControlDeviceforFieldApplicationsfortifythedeviceagainsthabituationwereprofferedandprominentamongthemwasfieldsurvey[6].Thecommonpracticewherebyelectronicpestcontroldeviceswerepurchasedofftheshelfanddeployedtocombatpests,butnosoonerthantheyareinstalledthantheybecomeineffective,wasdiscouragedandspecializedfieldsurvey(preliminarystudies)wasrecommended[7].Inviewoftheforegoing,anintensivefieldsurveycomprisingtheassessmentofultrasonicbirdflightdatawascarriedoutandaput-to-flightfrequencyof35kHzwasobtained[8],aswellastheassessmentoftheultrasonicbirdreturndatatoobtainthestayawayfrequencywhichcoincidentallywasalso35kHz[9],andthefarmtestdatatoobtainthefarmsafetythresholdof25kHz[10].Inthiscurrentwork,thefindingsofthefieldsurvey[8,9,10]weretechnicallytakenintoconsiderationindesigninganindependentlyoperateddevicethatcaneffectivelycombatthemenaceofweaverbirdpestinfestation.2.DesignDescriptionThefunctionalsectionsoftheproposeddesignweregroupedintotensectionsandeachsectionelaboratelydiscussedintermsofdesignconsiderations,designcalculations,componentspecificationsandcircuitdiagrams.TheblockdiagramofthedesignisshowninFig.1.Fig.1.BlockdiagramoftheDesignThesesectionsarediscussedseriallybelow.2.1.PowerSectionThepowersectionisaunitcapableofsupplyingdcvoltageandcurrenttoanelectroniccircuitundertestDesignDescriptionofaStand-Alone,Auto-FrequencyUltrasonicBrandofWeaverBirdPest3ControlDeviceforFieldApplications[11].Forthisdesign,theabundantsolarenergypotentialinthestudyareawasharnessedasareliablesourceofpower[9].Thissectioncomprisesofthreeconstituents,namely:thesolarpanel,powerbankandthesolarchargecontroller.2.1.1.SolarPanelTheenormousrenewableenergyofthetropicalAfricansunwasharnessedusingsolarpanel.Previousresearchonevaluationofsolarpanelsforuseinthestudyareasuggestedthatpolycrystallinesolarpanelperformedbetterthanothertypes[12].Therefore,apolycrystallinesolarpanelwithelectricalratingstabulatedinTable1wasusedinthisdesign.Table1.ElectricalRatingofSolarPanelatstandardtestcondition(STC):E=1000Wm-2,AM=1.5,Tc=25oCElectricalRatingValuesMaximumpower(Pmax)50WOpencircuitvoltage(Voc)21.5VShortcircuitvoltage(Vsc)Shortcircuitcurrent(Isc)Maximumpowercurrent(Im)Outputtolerance(%)Operatingtemperature(oC)Length(mm)Width(mm)Height(mm)18V3.05A2.77A+3-40oC-+80oC670304.35Thechoiceofan18Vsolarpanelwasguidedbytherequirementthatasolarpanel’selectricalspecificationshouldbeabovethatoftheloaditistofeed.Inthiscase,the18Vratingofthepaneliswellabovethe12Vratingofthebatteryandthesucceedingcircuitrywhichhasamaximumof10V.Also,thepowerrequirementofthecircuitwhichsumsupto10.25W,whichiswellbelowthepanelscapacityof50W.Formaximumsolarinsolation,thesolarpanelneedstobepositioned