大学英语专业四级49组近义词辨析

1第一章TEM4专业四级评分要求听写(a)要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上逐字逐句写出全篇短文。(b)拼写和标点符号正确无误，错误率不超过8％。(c)考试时间15分钟。听力理解(a)能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活、社会生活的讲演或交谈和难度相当于TOEFL中的minitalk等中等难度听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点或情节，能根据所听材料进行推理和分析。(b)能听懂VOA和BBC国际新闻的主要内容。(c)考试时间约15分钟。完型填空要求考生在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。考试时间为15分钟。语法及词汇(a)能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一级至四级的全部内容。(b)熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表对一级至四级规定的5000--6000个认识词汇中的2000--2500个词汇及其最基本的搭配。(c)考试时间15分钟。阅读理解(a)阅读理解：(i)能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意。(ii)了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。(iii)既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论。(iv)既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系。(b)考试时间25分钟。写作(a)要求根据所出的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲)写一篇150词左右的短文。能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。考试时间35分钟。(b)写便条：要求根据提示写大约50--60词的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确，语言得体。考试时间10分钟。第二章详细分析在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。1.路way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing(庄严)orprincipalstreet.2.时代(期)(时期)period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.(时代)time(s):Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime(新时代)2epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.(纪元)era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution(时期)age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge3.战斗(打仗)fight:Itisabodilystruggle(奋斗斗争)struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.(战斗)battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces.(战役)campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.(战争)war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.(对抗)combat:Afight,conflict,controversy.4.牧师(教士牧师)#priest:Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch(牧师)minister:Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.(牧师)clergy(pl):Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.clergyman:clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy.(牧师)pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch.(教区牧师)vicar:Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland.father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic.5.服装clothing(collect):(fml)Generaltermofclothes.clothes(nosingle):Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.garment(fl):Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.dress:1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(连衣裙).2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼服)eveningdress/morningdresssuit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuitcoat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet.6.哭cry:Themostgeneralone.(哭泣)weep:Toletflowtears.(抽泣抽嗒)sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.(哭天抹泪涕泪交流)snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.3(哭嚎又哭又闹)blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily.(发出低声报怨声)whine:Tomakealowcomplainingcry.(嚎哭)bawl:Toutterloudcries(alwaysinbadsense).(痛哭)wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.(呻吟)moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.(呻吟)grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval(哀悼)mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.(哀悼)lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.7.美丽漂亮good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.beautiful:(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.pretty:(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,lovely:(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.fair:Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair.gorgeous:(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.8.拉拖pull:Themostgeneralone.draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.Thefishermanishaulinganet.tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.jerk:Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.tow:Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.9.旋转turn:Themostgeneralone.(自转)spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.Itemphas