古舟子咏The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerSamuelTaylorColeridge刘佳薇，黄慧颖，程小芳，舒姝，杨仕，蒋晟，唐礼煊，王灿灿，彭琴，郭荻葭•••Author•Content•Analysis•ExtractsSamuelTaylorColeridge•SammuelTaylorColeridgewasborninOtteryStMary,Devonshire,astheyoungestsonofOtteryStMary.•Afterhisfather’sdeath,ColeridgewassentawaytoChrist’sHospitalSchoolinLondon.HealsostuddiedatJesusCollege.•InCambridgemettheradical,futurepoetLaureateRobertSouthey.HemovedwithSoutheytoBritishtoestablishacommunity,buttheplanfailed.•In1795,hemarriedthesisterofSouthey’sfiancee,whomhedidnotreallylove.•BeingaRomanticpoet,SamuelTaylorColeridge'sremarkablepoemtheRimeoftheAncientMariner•作为英国浪漫主义诗人之一的塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治以他的代表作《古舟子咏》而享有盛誉。•Headvocatedamorespiritualandreligiousinterpretationoflife,basedonwhathehadlearntfromKantandSchelling.•他倡导了以坎特与斯凯灵理论的对人类精神化与宗教化的诠释。•Mysticismanddemonismwithstrongimaginationarethedistinctivefeaturesofthisgroup.•这些诗歌的显著特点，便是神秘与想象。•Coleridge’sactualachievementaspoetcanbedividedintotworemarkablydiversegroups:thedemonicandtheconversational.•柯勒律治在诗歌方面的成就可分为不同的两大类，神祗诗与对话诗。•Coleridgewasesteemedbysomeofhiscontemporariesandisgenerallyrecognizedtodayasalyricalpoetandliterarycriticofthefirstrank.•科勒律治被同时期的诗界所尊崇，直至今日也被奉为第一流的抒情诗人与文学评论家。Content•TheRimeoftheAncientMariner,awell-knownpoembySamuelTaylorColeridge,hasobtainedcommonattentionbydomesticresearchersinrecentyears.•Itsimageandsupernaturality,religiousthemeandecologicalideologybecomeprevailingissuesaccordingtoanarticle'ReviewandReflectionoftheStudiesontheRimeoftheAncientMarinerinLast30years'writtenbyXuMeihua(Xu,96-99).•Thepoemconsistsofanargumentandsevenparts,whichcontainmanynotesaddednecessarilybythepoetontheleftsideofthepoemform.•Ithasbeenwrittenintheformofballad.Generallyaballadisaformofverse,oftenanarrative.•Thepoetusesthisformwithanattempttotellastoryaboutsin,punishmentandloveaswellandinturnaddunexpectednarrativitytothepoem.•诗歌由一段总结和七个部分组成，并且每个部分左侧都添加了诗人的注释。诗歌是以歌谣体的形式创作的。通常歌谣是叙事的一种形式(Wikipedia)。这种形式的采用恰到好处地给读者讲述了一个以罪与恶，罚与爱为主题的故事，并增添了诗歌的叙事性。Analysis•Inthispoem,itmainlytellsastoryofanancientmarinerkillinganalbatrossandgettinghispunishmentbutbacktohiscountry.Itsnarrativedevicesinthediscourselevelarenoteasytoobserveaswehaveexpected,soitdeservesadetailedexamination.•这首诗歌主要讲述了一个老水手杀死一只水鸟并因此受到惩罚最终回到自己的家乡。在叙述层面上，诗歌的叙述技巧可以从叙述者，距离，叙述层和视角四个方面进行分析。A.Narrator••BeforeIintroducethemeaningofnarrator,itisnecessarytolearninadvancethefunctionofthreepairsofterms:thehistoricalauthorwrites,thehistoricalreaderreads;theimpliedauthormeans,theimpliedreaderinterprets;thenarratorspeaks,thenarrateehears(Nelles,9).•Thehistoricalauthorandreaderarereallivinghumanbeingswhowritesorreadsaspecificwork.Whileimpliedauthor,animportantconceptproposedbyWayneBooth,refersto'thesecondselfthatanauthorcreateswhenheorshewrites,theimageoftheauthorthatareaderinfersfromthewrittenworkitself,independentlyofextratextualinformationaboutthehistoricalwriter'(Booth,70-71).••Asfortheimpliedreader,itistheidealreaderintheheartoftheimpliedauthororthereaderpresupposedbytextandsituatedinanidealizedreadingpositionwhereiscompletelyidenticalwithimpliedauthorandcancompletelyunderstandthetext.•Comparedwiththeimpliedauthorandimpliedreader,theconceptofnarratorandnarrateeiseasytounderstand.OnthebasisofdefinitiongivenbyGeraldPrincenarratorrefersto'theonewhonarrates'(Prince,66)andnarratee,'theonewhoisnarratedto'(ibid.57).•Nelles曾简单区别了三对概念：历史作者写，历史读者读；隐含作者指涉，隐含读者阐释；叙述者说，受述者听(Nelles,9)。•历史作者和读者是分别创作和阅读特定作品的实实在在的人。而由韦恩·布思提出的隐含作者是指“作者创作时的第二自我，读者从作品中指涉的作者的形象，并且这一形象不同于文本以外历史作者的真实息”(Booth,70-71)。•隐含读者是“隐含作者心目中的理想读者，或者说是文本预设的读者，这是一种跟隐含作者完全保持一致、完全能理解作品的理想化的阅读位置”(申丹,王丽亚,77)。•与隐含作者和隐含读者相比，叙述者和受述者这一对概念则比较容易理解。根据普林斯（GeraldPrince）给出的定义，叙述者是指“叙述故事的人”(Prince,66)，而受述者则是指“接受叙述的人”(ibid.57)。B.Distance•Distancevariesalongwiththechangeofnarrator.Ithastwomainsenses:(1)thenarrator'semotionaldistancefromthecharactersandtheaction(thedegreeofhisorherinvolvementinthestory)and(2)thedistancebetweenthenarrator'smoral,emotionalorintellectualsensibilitiesandthoseoftheimpliedauthor(Abbott,189).Soitisabouttheinvolvementofthenarratorandtherelationshipamongthenarrator,thecharacterandtheimpliedauthor.•距离是随着叙述者的改变而发生变化。它包含两个层面的意义：•1叙述者的情感与人物和行为之间的距离（他或她参与故事的程度）；•2叙述者道德，情感或智力敏感性和隐含作者的之间的距离(Abbott,189)。因此，这牵涉到叙述者的参与程度与叙述者，人物和隐含作者之间的关系。C.Narrativelevel•Ifoneworkemergedtwoorthreeormoredifferentvoicesofnarrators,regardlessofwhetherthenarratorsarenarratingoneidenticalstoryornot,thecommoncasesaretheshiftofnarrators.Alongwiththeshiftofnarrator,itwillproduceanothernarrativediscourse.Andfinallyitformstheconditionofastorywithinastory,thatis,embeddednarrative.•如果一部作品融合两个或三个或更多不同的叙述者声音，不论作品的叙述者是否参与同一故事的叙述，其中都必定涉及叙述者的转换。•随着叙述者发生转换，作品中也会出项另外一种叙述话语。最后就形成了故事中套故事的状况，也就是嵌入叙事。Extracts•TheSunnowroseupontheright:Outoftheseacamehe,Stillhidinmist,andontheleftWentdownintothesea.•“现在太阳从右边升起，从那万顷碧波的汪洋里；但它终日被云雾缭绕，然后从左边落进大海里。•Buttellme,tellme!speakagain,Thysoftresponserenewing--Whatmakesthatshipdriveonsofast?Whatistheoceandoing?•但请告诉我，请告诉我，用你甜美动听的声音——为何那船儿能疾驶如飞，当茫茫大海风平浪静？•Ifearthee,ancientMariner!Ifearthyskinnyhand!Andthouartlong,andlank,andbrown,Asistheribbedsea-s