英语名词PPT

LessonOne名词考点1名词复数变化1)规则变化①一般情况加s◆math(s),physics,politics,news,James,theWhites②x,s,sh,ch后加es③“辅音字母+y”结尾去y变i加es,“元音字母+y”结尾直接加s④以o结尾的“黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆”加es,其他直接加snegroherotamatopotato⑤以下以f,fe结尾的词去f,fe变ves树叶半数自己黄，leafhalfself妻子刀切面包忙，wifeknifeloaf架后窜出一只狼，shelfwolf就像小偷逃命狂。thieflife◆scarf——scarfs/scarves2)不规则变化①a-emanwomanpolicemanpolicewomanEnglishmanEnglishwomanFrenchmanFrenchwoman◆German——Germans②oo-eefoottoothgoose③单复同形sheepfishdeerChineseJapanese④其他形式child—childrenmouse—mice考点2特殊形式的名词复数①只有复数形式的名词clothespantsshortsjeansglasses◆shoe,sock可以指单只鞋袜②集合名词:familyclassteam(表示整体概念时作单数,表示整体中的个体概念时作复数)★例一Myclass_____(be)likeabigfamily.Allmyclass_____(be)havingEnglishclass.isare③统称词(指代全部,作复数主语,其前加the)thepolicetheEnglishtheFrench④一个名词具有多个复数含义单复同形(强调鱼的条数)fishfishes(强调鱼的种类)people(一般指“人们”)peoplethepeople(“人民”或特指)单复同形(“个人,≥2人”)peoples(“民族”)考点3可数名词与不可数名词1)un.作主语谓语动词用单数Thereislotsofnewsintoday’snewspaper.2)既是可数又不可数的名词glasscn.玻璃杯(pl.~es)un.玻璃papercn.报纸,论文un.纸roomcn.房间un.空间fishcn.鱼un.鱼肉chickencn.小鸡un.鸡肉onioncn.洋葱(整棵)un.洋葱(切碎)3)名词修饰语cn.cn.&un.un.基数词,a/anthe,somelittleevery,bothenough(足够)alittlefew,afewmost,moremuchmany,lotsof=alotoftoomuchtoomanyall考点4名词的量化1)名词量化的基本结构:基数词+量词+of+名词(基数词大于1,量词变复数,名词为可数依情况变复数,名词为不可数则没有复数形式)★例二Pleasegivemeaglassofwater.(变为复数句)Pleasegiveussomeglassesofwater.2)单位量词①成对单位量词pair②万能单位量词piece(量化un.含义多样)apieceofmeat一块肉apieceofpaper一张纸apieceofmusic一首乐曲apieceofnews一条消息apieceofbread一片面包apieceofadvice一条建议③其他单位量词meter,kilo,box,set,bag,basket,bottle,cup,glass,group,bowl,plate3)量化名词作主语动词选择依据量词单复数★例三Here_____(be)myshoes.Here_____(be)apairofmyshoes.◆Agroupofchildren_____(be)playingsoccerontheplayground.4)对数量进行提问★例四Ihaveoneapple.Howmanyapplesdoyouhave?areisis★例五Sheboughtthreekilosofmutton._____________________she_____?Sheboughtthreekilosofpears.____________________she_____?★例六Hehadtwobowlsofrice._______________didhehave?Hehadtwobowlsofrice.________________________didhehave?HowmuchmuttondidbuyHowmanypearsdidbuyHowmuchriceHowmanybowlsofrice考点5名词作定语1)一般情况下名词单数作定语ashoestoresomeappletrees2)sports作定语用复数形式asportsclubsomesportsclothes3)man,woman作定语随其后名词的单复数进行变化amandoctor——somemendoctors◆注意girl和boy作定语的用法There’re30_____(girl)________(students).girlstudents考点6名词所有格1)’s所有格的用法①一般在有生命名词的后面加’s,若名词以s结尾则只加’Lily’sbookmyparents’photo②A’sandB’s+pl.各自拥有AandB’s+sig.共同拥有★例七Hereis______________(TomandTim)room._________________(TomandTim)fathersarehere.TomandTim’sTom’sandTim’s③’s后若为shop,store,home,house,office,restarant等表示地点的名词,则这些名词经常进行省略。Myfatherisatthedoctor’s(office).Tomisatthebarber’s(shop).★例八JaneandIhadlunchat______.A.TurnerB.TurnersC.Turner’sD.Turners’④时间,距离和地点前常用’stoday’snewspaperBeijing’sstreets⑤构成节日名词Children’sDayTeachers’DayWomen’sDayFather’sDayMother’sDay⑥someoneelse’s其他人的,别人的2)of所有格①构成:the+n.+of+n./代词宾格②一般用于无生命的事物thegateofourschoolthenameofthedog3)双重所有格①构成:the+n.+of+’s所有格/名物代◆名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirs②of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词,如a,an,基数词some,afew,many等。③of所有格与双重所有格的区别afriendofmyuncle(该人与我叔叔是朋友关系)afriendofmyuncle’s(该人是我叔叔朋友中的一个,完全等同于oneofmyuncle’sfriends)aphotoofme(该张照片中的人是“我”)aphotoofmine(该张照片的拥有者是“我”)★例九1.Mymothermetafriendof______.A.sheB.she’sC.hers2.—Isthisaphotoof________?—Yes.Look,shelaughedsohappilythen.A.yoursisterB.yoursister’sC.yourbrotherD.yourbrother’s