高速公路边坡植物选择研究

1高速公路边坡植物选择研究—以北京地区为例摘要：在经济社会不断发展的同时，人们对于生态环境的关注也不断增加。高速公路项目建设中会造成较大的环境破坏影响，边坡植物种植是恢复生态，保护边坡的重要手段。本课题主要研究高速公路边坡植物选择研究，首先对北京高速公路及边坡植物建设情况进行全面分析介绍，重点分析京承高速（三期）边坡植物种植及生长情况，了解北京地区高速公路建设区域自然环境特点、高速公路建设造成的负面影响以及当前北京地区高速公路边坡建设面临的主要问题，并对高速公路边坡的特点、立地条件、边坡防护的主要措施和高速公路边坡植物功能作用进行介绍，在此基础上深入分析高速公路边坡植被工程的总体方案以及高速公路边坡植物种植的相关内容，通过本课题的研究形成了适用于北京地区高速公路边坡植被的总体设计及种植方案。希望本课题的研究能够有效解决当前北京地区高速公路边坡植物选择及植被方案设计施工中存在的问题，同时也为后期选择更加合适的植物种类，更好的发挥边坡植物在高速公路建设运行中的作用提供参考。关键词：边坡植物；高速公路；北京地区；植物选择；生态恢复1Abstract:Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety,people'sconcernfortheecologicalenvironmentisalsoincreasing.Theconstructionofexpresswayprojectswillcausegreaterenvironmentaldamage.Plantingofslopeplantsisanimportantmeanstorestoretheecologyandprotecttheslope.Thistopicmainlystudiesthehighwayslopeplantselectionresearch,firstofall,theBeijingExpresswayandtheslopeplantconstructionofthecomprehensiveanalysisandintroduction,focusontheJingchenghighspeed(threestage)slopeplantplantingandgrowth,understandingoftheBeijingregionhighwayconstructionareaofthenaturalenvironmentcharacteristics,constructionoftheexpresswayconstructionThemainproblemsoftheexpresswayslopeconstructioninBeijingareaarefacedwiththemainproblems,andthecharacteristics,siteconditions,mainmeasuresofslopeprotectionandthefunctionofhighwayslopeplantfunctionareintroduced.Onthebasisofthis,theoverallplanofthehighwayslopevegetationprojectisdeeplyanalyzed.Aswellastherelatedcontentsofplantplantingonthehighwayslope,theoveralldesignandplantingschemefortheslopevegetationoftheexpresswayinBeijingareaareformedthroughtheresearchofthissubject.ItishopedthattheresearchofthissubjectcaneffectivelysolvetheexistingproblemsintheconstructionoftheexpresswayslopeplantselectionandthedesignofthevegetationschemeinBeijing,andalsotochoosemoresuitableplantspeciesinthelaterperiod,andprovideabetterreferencefortheuseofslopeplantsintheconstructionandoperationoftheexpressway.Keywords:slopeplants;freeway;Beijingarea;plantselection;ecologicalrestoration1目录第1章绪论......................................................................................51.1研究背景................................................................................51.2文献综述................................................................................61.2.1国外研究现状................................................................61.2.2国内研究现状................................................................72、北京高速公路及边坡植物建设情况.................................................12.1京承高速（三期）边坡植物调查...............................................12.2北京地区高速公路建设区域自然环境特点..................................52.3高速公路建设造成的负面影响..................................................72.3.1影响破坏生态环境..........................................................72.3.2污染大气环境................................................................72.3.3噪声污染.......................................................................72.4当前北京地区高速公路边坡建设面临的主要问题........................7第3章高速公路边坡概述...................................................................13.1边坡的土壤类型......................................................................13.2高速公路边坡的主要特点.........................................................13.3高速公路边坡的立地条件.........................................................23.4高速公路边坡防护的主要措施..................................................34.高速公路边坡植物概述....................................................................14.1边坡植物在高速公路中的主要功能............................................124.2高速公路边坡植物种植的主要原则............................................24.3高速公路边坡植物种植的意义..................................................24.3.1绿化环境，减轻视觉疲劳................................................24.3.2防止水土流失，稳固路基................................................24.3.3降低风速，防止风沙危害................................................24.3.4减轻污染，保护环境......................................................34.3.5维护生态平衡................................................................35、高速公路边坡植被整体方案.............................................................45.1高速公路边坡种植植物的选型..................................................45.1.1草本植物.......................................................................45.1.2灌木植物.......................................................................55.1.3藤本植物.......................................................................55.2高速公路边坡绿化的基本选型依据..................................................95.2.1气候条件.......................................................................95.2.2土壤条件.....................................................................105.3边坡植物种植的指导思想.......................................................105.4植物种植设计的特性.............................................................115.4.1植物种植设计的复合性.................................................115.4.2植物种植设计的本土性.................................................115.4.3植物种植设计的持久性.................................................125.5边坡的绿化设计方案..............................................................1235.6避免发生草地退化方案..........................................