正负9V直流稳压电源

±9V简易直流稳压电源的设计I内容摘要本设计是关于±9V简易直流稳压电源的设计，论题方向是以单相桥式整流及三端集成稳压器为主，设计一台具有实用价值的小容量简易直流稳压电源。要求：输入电压AC220V、输出电压±9V、输出电流1A、容量9W、输入端须设上电指示灯、输出端须具备短路和过流保护功能。按照所学知识和相关指导书及补充的写作要求，综述了目前常用直流稳压电源的分类、各自适用范围及优缺点，完整详尽地设计了±9V简易直流稳压电源电路，并对各组成部分的功能及工作原理进行了分析。关键词：直流稳压电源；集成稳压器；小容量；设计；分析±9V简易直流稳压电源的设计II目录内容摘要············································································································I引言············································································································11直流稳压电源的种类························································································22设计任务及要求······························································································32.1设计任务······························································································32.2要求学会：···························································································32.3设计要求：···························································································33基本原理·······································································································43.1电路的基本组成·····················································································43.2组成部件的功能·····················································································44各组成电路工作原理及方案的选择······································································54.1上电指示电路························································································54.2变压电路······························································································54.3整流电路······························································································54.4滤波电路······························································································64.5稳压电路······························································································84.5.1结构与符号··················································································84.5.2线性三端集成稳压器的分类及型号····················································84.5.3三端集成稳压器的工作原理·····························································94.5.4三端集成稳压器的基本应用电路·····················································125各组成电路的元件选择与参数确定····································································135.1上电指示电路······················································································135.2变压电路····························································································135.3整流电路····························································································135.4滤波电路····························································································135.5稳压电路····························································································145.6稳压电源的保护电路·············································································146电路图及电路的工作原理················································································156.1完整电路图·························································································156.2±9V简易直流稳压电源电路的工作原理······················································157我的收获和心得····························································································168元器件清单··································································································17参考文献··········································································································18±9V简易直流稳压电源的设计1引言当今社会人们极大的享受着电子设备带来的便利，但是任何电子设备的正常工作都离不开一个共同的电路——电源电路。电源有两种：一种是直流电源（DC即DirectCurrent），另一种是交流电源（AC即AlternatingCurrent）。日常所用的电子设备基本都是由集成电路和辅助电子元件(如电阻、电容、二极管等)组成的电子线路，这些线路的正常工作都要求由电压稳定的直流电源供电。如果直接采用干电池作为电源，由于干电池容量有限，则需要频繁地更换电池造成人力和资金上的浪费。我们日常所用的电源均为AC220V。如何将AC220V电源变换为可用的直流电源呢？将交流电变换成直流电，并提供稳定的直流电能的电源就是直流稳压电源。直流稳压电源在电源技术中占有十分重要的地位。小功率稳压电源的组成主要是由电源变压器、整流、滤波和稳压电路四部分组成。电源变压器是将交流电网220V的电压变为所需要的电压值，然后通过整流电路将交流电压变成脉动的直流电压。由于此脉动的直流电压还含有较大的纹波，必须通过滤波电路加以滤除，从而得到平滑的直流电压。但这样的电压还随电网电压波动（一般有±10%左右的波动）、负载和温度的变化而变化。因而在整流、滤波电路之后，还需接稳压电路。稳压电路的作用是当电网电压波动、负载和温度变化时，维持输出直流电压的稳定。±9V简易直流稳压电源的设计21直流稳压电源的种类直流稳压电源的类型繁多，但几乎都是将交流电网220V电源作为输入电源，再经转换电路转换成所需参数的直流电。经过变压、整流和滤波后的电压往往会随着交流电源电压的波动和负载的变化而变化。直流电压的不稳定有时会引起控制装置工作的不稳定，产生测量和计算上的误差，特别是精密电子仪器、自动控制、计算装置及晶闸管的触发电路等都要求有稳定的直流电源供电。目前生产的直流稳压电源种类很多，主要分类方法是按调整元件的工作状态分类，其次还可以从其它不同角度来分类：(1)按调整元件的工作状态分，有线性稳压电源和开关稳压电源。线性稳压电源：调整元件工作在线性放大状态的称为线性稳压电源。此类稳压电源由于结构简单、维修方便、成本低、功率小，所以在比较简单的电子设备中广泛使用，比如收音机、小型音响等。开关稳压电源：调整元件工作在开关状态的称为开关稳压电源。此类稳压电源效率高、功耗低、电路结构复杂，所以常在复杂电子设备中广泛使用，比如大屏幕彩电、微型计算机等。(2)按稳定方式分，有参数型稳压电源和反馈调整型稳压电源。参数型稳压电源：电路简单，主要是利用电子元件的非线性实现稳压，例如1只电阻和1只稳压管即可构成参数型稳压电源。反馈调整型稳压电源：具有负反馈，是闭环调整系统，利用输出电压的变化，经取样、比较、放大得到控制电压，去控制调整元件，从而达到稳定输出电压的目的。(3)按调整元件和负载连接方式分，有并联式稳压电源和串联式稳压电源。并联式稳压电源：调整元件与负载并联的称为并联式稳压电源。串联式稳压电源：调整元件与负载串联的称为串联式稳压电源。(4)按作用元件分，有电子管稳压电源、稳压管稳压电源、晶体管稳压电源、可控硅稳压电源等。(5)按电源的主要部分是集成电路还是分立元件分，有集成线性稳压电源、集成开关稳压电源和分立元件组成的稳压电源。根据需要，还可以有其他分类方法，例如集电极输出型稳压电源、发射极输出型稳压电源；高压稳压电源、低压稳压电源；通用稳压电源、专用稳压电源等。±9V简易直流稳压电源的设计32设计任务及要求2.1设计任务设计一个±9V简易直流稳压电源，满足：1.当输入电压在220V交流时，输出直流电压为±9