汉译英 习语翻译

路遥知马力，事久见人心留得青山在，不怕没柴烧一年之计在于春哑巴吃黄连——有苦说不出十五个吊桶——七上八下和尚打伞——无法无天脚踏两只船偷鸡不着蚀把米一个巴掌拍不响车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直人不可貌相，海水不可斗量趁热打铁一箭双雕火上浇油了如指掌TranslationofChineseIdioms习语翻译Idioms:(inbroadsensemayinclude):setphrases,proverbs,sayings,epigrams,slangexpressions,colloquialisms,quotations,two-partallegoricalsayings习语(又称熟语)：短语，成语，俗语，谚语，格言，箴言，名言(引语或语录)，警句，隽语，俚语，粗话，行话，歇后语(包括双关语)FeaturesofIdioms英汉习语的共同特征：1、习语是一个民族的语言中最为精彩的一章，是民族文化的瑰宝与结晶。2、习语是语言中独立、不规则而固定的因素，往往以短语或短句的形式出现在句中，在句中多半是当做一个成分使用，有时它的作用就等于一个词。它的意义往往不等于它的组成分子(单字)意义的总和。Definitionof“idiom”：agroupofwordsthathasaspecialmeaningthatisdifferentfromtheordinarymeaningofeachseparateword.phraseorsentencewhosemeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwordsandwhichmustbelearntasawholeunit.E.g.:露出马脚，cat’spaw,开夜车，落花流水，undertheweather，loseone’shead,layheadstogether3、习语是一种相对稳定的词语搭配。通常不能随意改变习语的词序、拆开或用其他词替换。E.g.:雪中送炭，老马识途，乱七八糟()，castpearlsbeforeswine，burnone’sboats,atliberty,Astitchintimesavesnine.4、但习语的稳固性也并不是绝对的。许多英汉习语有自己的变体：拔(揠)苗助长，山珍海味(错)，Fryinone’sowngrease/Stewinone’sownjuice.Flog/Beatadeadhorse.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest/best.Talkofthedevilandhe'ssureto/willappear.习语的临时变体：一箭三雕，权令智昏，bird’seye-view(worm’s-eyeview),atarm’slength(attwoarms’length),Thekidwasreadingabitmorethanhecanchew.(Tobiteoffmorethanonecanchew)习语还常常以缩略的形式出现：三个臭皮匠，各人自扫门前雪，三个和尚没水吃，初生的牛犊，挂羊头，放下屠刀，不吃回头草，青出于蓝，八仙过海，芝麻开花，兔子尾巴，Jackofalltrade(andmasterofnone).(Eachforhimselfand)thedeviltakethehindmost.Ifyourunaftertwoharesyouwillcatchneither.→Torunaftertwohares.It'snogoodcryingforspiltmilk.→Tocryoverspiltmilk./Themilkisspilt./spiltmilkAbirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.→Abirdinthehand./Abirdinthebush.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.→theearlybirdArollingstonegathersnomoss.→arollingstoneFeaturesofIdioms5、习语常利用声音的和谐来达到易懂易记、顺口入耳、生动有力的目的。利用韵脚：狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心；一招鲜，吃遍天；良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行；Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Eastorwest,homeisbest.Manproposes,Goddisposes.Healthisbetterthanwealth.Beggarsshouldnotbechoosers.fairandsquare;highanddry;wearandtear.利用双声：八面玲珑，聪明伶俐，慷慨激昂，明媚灿烂Alliteration:asblindasabat,asbusyasabee,asclearascrystal,asdeadasadoornail,ascoolasacucumber,asredasarose,asproudasapeacock,atsixesandsevens,spickandspan,thenandtherethroughthickandthintitfortatneitherfish,fleshorfowlCarekilledthecat.Moneymakesthemaretogo.Manymen,manyminds.Speechissilver(silvern),silenceisgolden.FeaturesofIdioms5、习语常利用声音的和谐来达到易懂易记、顺口入耳、生动有力的目的。利用重复：勤勤恳恳；马马虎虎；种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆againandagain,measureformeasure,onandon,stepbystep,throughandthrough,shareandsharealike,horseandhorse/neckandneckcallaspadeaspadeassureaseggsiseggsDiamondcutdiamond.Theythatknownothingfearnothing.Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.利用对仗：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯；路遥知马力，日久见人心；狼吞虎咽；铜墙铁壁Easycome,easygo.Firstcome,firstserved.Likefather,likeson,Morehaste,lessspeed.Outofsight,outofmind.Pennywise,poundfoolish.Nothingventure,nothinggain/win.Wellfed,wellbred.FeaturesofIdioms6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(commoncore)，英汉习语有时有惊人的相似之处。FeaturesofIdioms喻义相同，结构相同：了如指掌火上浇油滴水石穿浑水摸鱼自吹自擂空中楼阁破釜沉舟如履薄冰晴天霹雳趁热打铁熟能生巧时间不等人时间就是金钱(耳听为虚),眼见为实隔墙有耳Toknowsomethinglikethepalmorbackofone’shandtopouroilontheflames/addfueltotheflamesConstantdroppingwearsthestone.tofishinthetroubledwatersblowone'sowntrumpetcastleintheairtoburnone’sboatsbeskatingonthinicelikeaboltfromthebluetostrikewhiletheironishotPracticemakesperfect.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Timeismoney.Seeingisbelieving.Wallshaveears.6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(commoncore)，英汉习语有时有惊人的相似之处。FeaturesofIdioms喻体相同，喻意一致：捅马蜂窝笑里藏刀脸皮厚肉中刺得寸进尺英雄所见略同拉长了脸(不开心)自食其果坏蛋人善被人欺，马善被人骑赴汤蹈火把黑的说成白的tostirupahornet’snestthesmileswithknifeunderthecloakthick-skinnedathorninone’sflesh/sidegivesb.aninchandhe'lltakeamile/yard)Greatmindsthinkalike.(puton,have,wear,etc)alongface[*one’sfacefalls]eatthebitterfruitofone'sownmakingbadeggAlllayloadonthewillinghorse.gothroughfireandwaterswearblackiswhite(颠倒黑白，不择手段)6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(commoncore)，英汉习语有时有惊人的相似之处。FeaturesofIdioms喻义相同，修辞方式相同：轻如鸿毛稳如泰山骨瘦如柴易如反掌活到老，学到老人山人海aslightasafeatherassteadyasthemountainasthinasarailaseasyasturningoverone’shandOneisnevertoooldtolearn.theseaoffacesFeaturesofIdioms英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。E.g.:It’srainingcatsanddogs.VS毛毛雨，牛毛雨，鹅毛大雪pokeone’snoseintosth.(nosy)VS牵着鼻子走喻体不同：血流如注艳若桃李昭然若揭胆小如鼠守口如瓶一贫如洗白费口舌弱不禁风画蛇添足妖魔鬼怪明察秋毫掌上明珠过河拆桥tobleedlikeapigasredasarose/likeliliesandrosesasclearasthesunatnoondayastimidasarabbit/hareasdumbasanoyster/assilentasthegraveaspoorasaChurchmousetospeaktothewindasweakaswatertocarrycoaltoNewcastle/gildthelilythepowersofdarknesstoseethroughabrickwallappleofsomeone’seyetokickdowntheladderFeaturesofIdioms英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。大海捞针打草惊蛇翘辫子雪中送炭瓮中之鳖对牛弹琴狐假虎威一箭双雕耳旁风班门弄斧黄粱美梦昙花一现化险为夷无米之炊tolookforaneedleinahaystacktowakeasleepingdogtokickthebuckethelpalamedogoverastilelikearatinaholetocastpearlsbeforeswineanassinalion'sskinkilltwobirdswithonestone.goin(at)oneearandout(at)theotherteachone’sgrannytosuckeggs/teachfishtoswimafool'sparadiseaflashinthepanfall/landonone'sfeetmakebrickswithoutstraw喻体不同：FeaturesofIdioms英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。生死有命连珠炮似地说个不停拍马屁王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸入乡随俗Ev