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12020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China第二章传送网2.1数据通信概念2.2线缆与接口2.3传输系统和传送网22020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China数据通信基本概念在讨论网络与交换原理之前,我们先来回顾以下两个直接相连的设备之间的数据传输原理数据信号(话音、数据、图像、视频)编码传输媒介电磁波32020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China影响数据传输的3个因素信号的质量(信号的频谱和信号的编码形式)传输媒介的质量外界的干扰42020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China衰减、噪声、干扰52020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China带宽、频率、速率频率(Frequency):单位时间传输的信号周期数。用Hertz表示。信号频率越高,传输过程中产生的噪声也越高,意味这信号差错率越高!带宽(Bandwidth):线缆的带宽指数据可以被有效传输的的最大频率。速率(bitRate):网络设备向线缆发送bit的速率。该值独立于线缆。62020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China带宽、频率、速率类比:Cable=WaterPipeBandwidth=DiameterBitRate=WaterPressureBandwidthCableBitRate72020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China决定带宽的三个元素线缆带宽是距离、频率和信噪比SNR的函数!比如,增加频率,则信噪比变坏,从而带宽下降!增加距离,则信噪比变坏,从而带宽下降!反之,减少频率或距离,则信噪比编好,从而增加线缆带宽。假如保持带宽不变,要增加频率,则需要?82020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China第二章传送网2.1数据通信概念2.2线缆与接口2.3传输系统和传送网92020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China常用线缆与接口在网络中常用的线缆有3种类型:同轴线缆coaxial双绞线twistedpair光纤optical-fiber每种线缆都有自己独特的接口类型,对应不同的接口标准。传输介质的质量衡量速率:信号带宽距离:传输损耗102020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China一双绞线1物理结构-UTP:自内向外由铜导线,绝缘材料保护套组成112020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China双绞线2传输特性中继距离:模拟信号:5~6km数字信号:2km带宽:0~1Mhz速率:10~100Mbps(LAN)122020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China双绞线缺点:-信号衰减大-易受EMI干扰-线间串扰-crosstalk3应用电话网建筑物预埋线局域网132020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China双绞线-LAN类型主要应用注释UTPcat1(2对)语音信号,RS-232,小于1Mkhz。UTPcat2(4对)小于4Mhz,AppleTalk,IBM专用网络UTPcat310Base-T,100Base-T4,4MbpsTokenRing,小于16Mhz,568B中主要用于话音业务ANSI/TIA/EIAUTPcat416MbpsTokenRing,20Mhz,UTPcat5100Base-TX,1000Base-T,155MATMoverUTP,100Mhz,ANSI/TIA/EIAUTPcat5e100Base-TX,1000Base-T,100Mhz,24dbANSI/TIA/EIAUTPcat6100Base-TX,1000Base-T,10GigabitEthernet*,200Mhz,21dbANSI/TIA/EIA注:EIA/TIA(电气工业协会/电信工业协会)142020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China连接方式-RJ45交叉线RJ-45PINRJ-45PIN1Rx+3Tx+2Rc-6Tx-3Tx+1Rc+6Tx-2Rc-直通线RJ-45PINRJ-45PIN1Tx+1Rc+2Tx-2Rc-3Rc+3Tx+6Rc-6Tx-T568A线序:12345678绿白绿橙白蓝蓝白橙棕白棕T568B线序:12345678橙白橙绿白蓝蓝白绿棕白棕直通线:两头都按T568B线序交叉线:一头按T568A线序,一头按T568B线序152020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,ChinaRJ45(RegisteredJack)接口常见的RJ45接口与模块(snap-in:推入式)ModularJackModularPlug162020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,ChinaRJ-11接口与RJ-45不同,RJ-11是6线接口,通常用于模拟语音。连线规则如下:Pin号Pair号WireColor13white22yellow31green41red52black63blue172020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,ChinaUTP的线对使用定义应用Pins1-2Pins3-6Pins4-5Pins7-8模拟语音----Tx/Rx--10Base-T(802.3)TxRx----100Base-TX(802.3u)TxRx----100Base-T4(802.3u)TxRxBiBi1000Base-T(802.3ab)BiBiBiBiISDNPowerTxRxPowerATM用户设备TxOptionalOptionalRxBi=bidirectional,Optional=mayberequiredbysomevendors表格来自:’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China二同轴线缆物理结构:由外到内分别是:塑料皮层、屏蔽层、绝缘层、铜芯192020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China同轴电缆2传输特性中继距离:模拟信号:1~10km数字信号:1km带宽:500Mhz速率:3应用CATV、长途传输(1万对话音)、LANs202020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China同轴线缆线缆规格类型主要应用注释RG-8(50ohms)10Base5,500mThicknetRG-58(50ohms)10Base2,185mThinnetRG-6(75ohms)CableTV212020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China同轴线缆连接方式-BNC接口BNC连接器公头T型头注:1应用于使用同轴电缆互联的总线型拓扑结构的网络中,特指10base-2网络。(BNC:BayonetNeillConcelmanConnector)。2组网时计算机总是连接T型头,线缆永远不直接与节点设备相连。222020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China同轴线缆10Base2网络中的连接方式示意图232020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China三光纤OpticalFiber1物理结构核芯(8~100微米)、包层、保护套242020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China2分类单模光纤singlemode(SMF)8/125um多模光纤multimode(MMF)50/125um62.5/125um252020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China输入脉冲输出脉冲单模光纤传输特性输入脉冲输出脉冲多模光纤262020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China多模光纤(Multi-Mode)多模光纤允许多束光线穿过光纤由于色散或相差,因此,这种光纤的传输性能较差,频带较窄,传输容量也比较小,距离比较短。在一定的工作波长下(850nm/1300nm)272020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China单模光纤(Single-Mode)由于完全避免了模式色散,使得单模光纤的传输频带很宽,因而适用于大容量,长距离的光纤通讯。单模光纤使用的光波长为1310nm或1550nm。(nm:nanometer,十亿分之一)282020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China3传输特性中继距离:2Gbps/几km带宽:1014~1015Hz速率:低衰减:单模0.85um2.3db/km1.3um0.5db/km1.5um0.25db/kmBelllab:100路,每路10Gbps,既每秒1Tbps。Alcatel:256路40G,合计10Tbps。292020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,China光纤应用的有效波长窗口波长范围(nm)频率范围(THz)Bandlabel光纤类型应用场合820to900366to333MultimodeLAN1280to1350234to222SSinglemodeVarious1528to1561196to192CSinglemodeWDM1561to1620185to192LSinglemodeWDM302020/2/6YangWu-Jun,Xi’anInstituteofPosts&Telecommunications,ChinaITU_TWDM信道间距(G.692)频率(Thz)真空中的波长(nm)50G100G200G196.101528.77xxx196.051529.16x196.001529.55xx195.951529.94x195.901530.33xxx195.851530.72x192.101560.
本文标题:现代通信网 第二章 传送网
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