大学英语写作教案语法式

大学英语写作教案一造句（P-2）二写作中经常用到的并列连词和连接副词(P3-4)第二章段落的构成(5)一段落和提纲(5-7)二段落主题句(7-10)三段落的统一性(10-13)四段落的连贯性(14-19)五过渡语(20-30)第一章一，造句1，熟悉五种基本句型1）主语+谓语（不及物动词）Theearthtrembled.2)主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语Theearthquakedestroyedthecity.3）主语+谓语（联系动词）+主语补足语Thetreesareoaks.4)主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语Businessgavethemuseummoney.5)主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语TheresultsprovedJanewrong.二写作中经常用到的并列连词用并列连词连接单词、词组或分句，可以增加句子的内容，加强句子的表达力。并列连词AndbutFornoBoth…..andNotonly…butalsoNot…butEither…orOryetSoNeither…norWhether…orAs…as二写作中经常用到的连接副词连接副词连接分句，以说明分句之间的关系。连接副词AccordinglyAlsoAnywayBesidesCertainlyConsequentlyFinallyFurtherFurthermoreHenceHoweverIncidentallyIndeedInsteadLikewisemeanwhileMoreoverNamelyNeverthelessNextNonethelessNowOtherwisesimilarlyStillSubsequentlyThenThereafterThereforeThusundoubtedly第二章段落的构成我们在写文章之前应该拟出一个提纲，而提纲的每一个要点都能发展成一个段落。段落是指一组相互关联，用来阐述某一中心思想的句子群。例如：要写一段中心思想是“Iprefertoliveinthecity”的段落请拟一个提纲：1）Transportationandcommunicationismoreconvenientthaninthecountry.2)Culturallifeisricher.3)Materiallifeisbetter.一段落和提纲我们修改一下提纲：1）Culturelifeisricher.2)Materiallifeisbetter.3)Transportationandcommunicationismoreconvenient.请写出下面短文的提纲Growingcitiesusemoreland.Overtheyears,LosAngeleshasbeenspreadingout.Thecityhasalsobeenusinglandinnewways.Muchofthelandisusedforlargeroadscalledfreeways.ThefreewaysconnectthemanycommunitiesthatarepartofLosAngeles.Thecityhasgrownhigher.Officebuildings,hotelsandstoresarenowtaller.Publicplaces,suchassportsstadiums,havegrownbigger.TheymustfitthegrowingnumberofpeoplethatNowliveinthecity.Todaymorethan7millionpeopleliveinLosAngeles.Growingcitymeansmorepeople,too.提纲可以写成：1）Moreland2)BuildingsHigherandBigger3)MorePeople二段落主题句（topicsentence)主题句：每一段落只能包含一个中心思想，表达这一中心思想的句子就是主题句。请找出下面段落的主题句。Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual------thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup.Ifanindividualisinpoorenvironment,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.主题句位于句首，后面的辅助句发展主题句的中心意念。请找出下面段落的主题句。InthesmallFrenchtown,thetownclerkspendstwohoursorsotalkinginthecafeeveryday.Thevillagedoctoroftendropsinforanaperitifwhenheisbetweencalls.PeoplefromoutlyingsectionsofthevalleywhocometothevillageonlyonofficialbusinessatthetownhalldropintothecafeandleavenewsofTheirneighborhood.ThroughthecafeownerthepostmanrelaysMessagesthathehasbeengivenonhisroute.Withtheseandmanyothersourcesofinformationathisdisposal,thecafeownerusuallyknowsbetterthananyoneelseinthevillagethenewsofthecommunity.本段落主题句位于段末。前面的辅助句首先充分发挥某一中心意念，然后逐渐收拢，最后以主题句点睛。请找出下面段落的主题句。Inthepastitwaspossibletoknowinadvancewhatoccupationswouldexistwhenaboybecomeaman.TodaytheLifespanofoccupationshasalsobeencompressed.ThecomputerProgrammer,whowasfirstheardofinthe1950’s,willbeasextinctastheblacksmithwithinanumberofyears.IndividualsNowtrainforaprofessionandlookforwardtoremaininginthatprofessionfortheentireperiodoftheirworkinglife.YetwithinaGenerationthenotionofservinginasingleoccupationforone’sentirelifemayseemquaintlyantique.Individualsmayneedtobetrainedtoservesuccessivelyinthree,four,orhalfadozendifferentprofessionsinthecourseofacareer.Thejobwillnolongerserveasman’sanchorandorganizingprinciple.该段落主题句位于段落中间“Individualsmayneedtobetrainedtoservesuccessivelyinthree,four,orhalfadozendifferentprofessionsinthecourseofacareer.”三段落的统一性(unity)一段文章只应该集中说明一个问题或一个问题的某一方面；只能叙述一件事情或一件事情的某一阶段。句子是一组词汇在某一语法形式下的集合。段落则是一组句子在某一中心思想下的逻辑组合。中心思想通常包含在主题句中，其他的事实、例证、说理等都应围绕这一中心思想以辅助句的形式出现。统一性原则是写好英语段落的极其重要的原则。因此，我们在写作时要摈弃一切与本段的中心、主题无关的句子。Thebrightchildrenispatient.Hecantolerateuncertaintyandfailureandwillkeeptryinguntilhegetsananswer.Whenallhisexperimentsfail,hecanevenadmittohimselfandothersthatforthetimebeingheisnotgoingtogetananswer.Thismayannoyhim,buthecanwait.Veryoften,hedoesnotwanttobetoldhowtodotheproblemorsolvethepuzzlehehasstruggledwith.becausehedoesnotwanttobecheatedoutofthechancetofigureItoutforhimselfinthefailure.Thisisnotsoforthedullchild.Hecan’tstanduncertaintyorfailure.Tohim,anunansweredquestionIsnotachallengeoranopportunity,butathreat.Ifhecan’tfindtheanswerquickly,itmustbegiventohim,andquickly;andhemusthaveanswersforeverything.这段文字的中心思想十分明确，即论述聪明孩子和不聪明孩子在对待疑难问题时的不同态度。第一部分论述聪明孩子的态度，第二部分进行对比，却不枝不蔓。请删去下列段落中与主题句无关的句子。Booksareplacedonthelibraryshelvesinnumericalorder.Inotherwords,allthebooksononesubjectareputtogetherunderthesamenumber;forexample,allbooksonUnitedStateshistoryarenumbered973,andareplacedtogetheronthe973shelforshelves.Ofcourse,suchbooksareborrowedmostlybystudentswholearnhistory.把最后一句去掉。请删去下列段落中与主题句无关的句子。Malthuscalculatedthattwoparentswouldhavefourchildren.Thefourchildrenwouldmarry.Eachchildwouldhavefourchildren.Thiswouldgoonandon.Inourcountry,mostpeopleLikeboybabies.Inthisway,thepopulationwouldgrowveryrapidly.Infact,hethoughtitwoulddoubleeverytwenty-fiveyears,iffoodwasavailable.将“Inourc