中国葡萄酒产业的集群式发展_现状_测度与评价

28520095技术经济TechnologyEconomicsVol28,No5May,2009:马秀蕊,乔娟(中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083):本文在回顾相关研究的基础上,运用地理集中度指数产业集群结构效益指数产业集群影响指数和集群专门化率4项指标,对我国葡萄酒产业集群的地理集中度和产业集群绩效进行了测度和评价研究结果表明:我国葡萄酒产业集群发展水平较高,但呈下降趋势;葡萄酒产业的整体经济效益较2002年有了一定的提高,但产业发展相对缓慢;葡萄酒产业集群的专业化程度较高,但各产区葡萄酒产业集群的专业化程度差异明显且呈弱化趋势因此,应从葡萄酒产业集群发展的环境企业竞合关系和人才支撑体系等方面采取积极措施来促进我国葡萄酒产业健康快速发展:葡萄酒产业;产业集群;测度;评价:F0629:A:1002-980X(2009)05-0041-06:2009-03-16:第二次全国农业普查国家级课题(N1104)的部分成果:马秀蕊(1979),女,山东曹县人,中国农业大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:农业经济理论与政策;乔娟(1960),女,辽宁沈阳人,中国农业大学经济管理学院教授,博士生导师,研究方向:农业经济理论与政策1[1],,[2]1990!∀,,,#∃:,,#∃,#∃[3],,:,#∃[4],,,[5-6],,,3,350%,,3,(Bordeaux)(Burgundy)(LoireValley)(CoteduRhone)(Champagne),(Chiantti)(Piemonote)(Tuscany),,,,,????,,,412,,,25%~45%,,,10,10&,2008(,)(1);;(2),280853,4146%,5806%;272071,3501%,2574%,,12008:()22008:()3:31311:AGTobler!∀:,[7]Saxenian128,()[8],[9],,LGC(locationalginicofficient)EG[10],BuschReinhardtAG[11](),,(,,),,AG()AGKi,K∋(1,2,(,n),PlongKPlatK,Pe1)&10,20081094.5%,,1042285ePe,ei,Ci=(Clongi,Clati),ClongiClatiiClongi=()e∋AiPlongeempe)/()e∋Aiempe);(1)Clati=()e∋AiPlateempe)/()e∋Aiempe)(2)(1)(2),Ai∋(ai1,ai2,(,aik)iaik,,2),Ci,Ci,Ci(arcdistance),(3)di,e=6370∗arccos{cos(Clati/572958)∗cos(Plati/572958)∗cos{min[360(Clongi+Plonge,Clongi-Plonge)]/572958}+sin(Clati/572958)∗sin(Plate/572958)}(3)(3),arccos,di,eieCi3)iiiCi,(4):AGi,self=)e∋AidieNi(4)(4),AGi,selfiCi,NiidieieCii,,,312EA!∀#∃B%[12]331)Se=)ni=1LiE∗Pi-P(5)(5),Se,Lii;E;Pii;P;nSe,;Se,,Se,,2)G=()Pji∗qji)/()Pji∗q0i)(6)(6),)Pji∗qjijiij;)Pji∗q0iji0()iG1,j,;G1,j,3)(),(7)Q=di)ni=1di/Di)Ni=1Di(7)(7),Qi,dii,Dii,ni,Ni)ni=1di)Ni=1DiiQ,i,Q,32,,345132003200843::3,,,,,20032008,,,,200396,200816020032008,4(CR4)&,#∃4200320074,+,20032007,,:2003,25,2604%;2007,146,5200320075,1,,,()520032007:5,:()12003200720032004200520062007593354935020422335674847429740384337434344624295590833322433130616952935274822772397267728712594421025661763145719392387266025702432230218972372198916360676056307971032083804430692045403670559035103760359073208930542021603620331025802660287:()1101,20032007&,CR4+2008,200844285,,,,,(),,,441,:,,,;,,,;,,,,;,,,,42,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,2080,:,;,,,,,;,(R&D),[1]()[M],:,2005:279331[2][M]:45::,2007:1924[3][M],,:,2003:226231[4]KRUGMANPGeographyandTrade[M]Cambridge,Mass:MITPress,1991[5]SCOTTANewIndustrialSpace[M]London:Pion,1988[6]FELDMANMP,AUDRETSHDBInnovationincities:sciencebaseddiversity,specializationandlocalizedcompetition[J]EuropeanEconomicReview,1999,43:409429[7]TOBLERWAComputermoviesimulatingurbangrowthintheDetroitregion[J]EconomicGeography,1970,46(2):234240[8]SAXENIANARegionalAdvantage:ClustersandCompetitioninSiliconVallyandRoute128[M]Cambridge,MA:HavardUniversityPress,1994[9]ROSENTHALS,STRANGEWThedeterminantsofagglomeration[J]JournalofUrbanizationEconomics,2001,50(2):191229[10]ELLISONG,GLAESEREGeographicconcentrationinUSmanufacturingindustries:adartboardapproach[J].JournalofPoliticalEconomy,1997,105:889927[11]BUSCHML,REINHARDTEIndustriallocationandprotection:thepoliticalandeEconomicgeographyofUSnontariffbarriers[J]AmericanJournalofPoliticalScience,1999,43(4):10281050[12],EA!∀#∃B%,[M]:,2007:231233[13][EB/OL][2008-05-09](CollegeofEconomics&Management,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:Basedontheresearchreview,thispaperusesfourkindsofindexesincludingthegeographicconcentration,thestructuralandeffectiveindexofindustrycluster,theaffectiveindexofindustryclusterandthespecializedrateofindustryclustertomeasureandevaluatethegeographicconcentrationandtheperformanceofindustryclusterinChinaTheresultsshowthat:thewineindustryclusterinChinadevelopsinahigherlevel,butshowsdowntrend;theoveralleconomicbenefitofwineindustryisimproved,butthewineindustrydevelopsrelativelyslowly;thespecializationdegreeofwineindustryclusterinChinaishigher,butthedifferenceofspecializationdegreeamongwineindustryclustersindifferentproducingareasisobvious,andtendstobeweakFinally,itpointsoutthatpositivemeasuresshouldbetakentopromotewineindustryinChinatodevelophealthlyandfastlyfromtheseaspectssuchasthedevelopmentenvironmentofindustrialclusterinwineindustry,thecompetitionandcooperationrelationshipandsoonKeywords:wineindustry;industrycluster;measurement;evaluation(7)StudyonModelofSupportforR&DofUniversitiesinDevelopedCountriesBasedonContentAnalysisQinShilei1,YangQian1,ChenBaoguo2(1.EconomicsandManagementSchool,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,China;2.WuhanIntellectualPropertyBureau,Wuhan430023,China)Abstract:Usingthecontentanalysismethod,thispapertriestoexplorethemodelsofdirectandindirectsupportforresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesofuniversitiesinmajordevelopedcountriesfrom1995to2008Theresultsshowthat:mostofdevelopedcountriesintroducethecompetitivemechanismintothemodelsofdirectsupportforR&Doftheiruniversitiestoimprovetheefficiencyofresourceallocation;developedcountriesattachgreatimportancetopromotethetransformationofscientificandtechnologi