中考英语作文指导讲座

WhatdoyouthinkofwritingEnglishcompositions?What’syourproblemonwritingEnglishcomposition?ThinkandsayTheory(理论)Practice(实践)Using(运用)中考英语学科复习讲座英语作文的审题与谋篇布局主讲人：青浦一中周亚娟英语写作是中考英语试题中的一项主观性试题。近几年的中考英语作文除分值不断提高外，写作的内容、形式也不断变化，这充分体现了中学英语教学中对学生写作能力的培养越来越受到重视。英语写作是学生英语综合水平的体现，是英语的听、说、读、写四项基本语言技能之一。但是，令人遗憾的是，英语写作是广大考生复习备考中最为头痛、最为薄弱的环节之一。在英语中考中，每一位考生都想写出高分作文，取得好成绩。但要想要达成这一目标，掌握一些英语写作技巧是必不可少的。前言：一、英语作文的审题二、英语作文的谋篇布局1、为什么要审题2、审什么3、怎么审返回只有通过认真审题，你才能把握写作主题明确写作要求组织恰当材料传递正确信息返回1．审清标题2．审清人称4．审清内容3．审清时态5.审清文体2010年上海中考卷以“我为自己感到自豪”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文,以下内容仅供参考：▲Whatkindofpersonareyou?▲Whatmakesyouproudofyourself?(giveanexample/examples)▲Whyareyouproudofyourself?2012年上海中考卷Writealetterinatleast60wordsaccordingtothegivensituation（根据所给情景写一封不少于60词的信）SupposeyouareJoe.YourfriendBettyisupsetaboutacomingexamforshecarestoomuchabouttheresult.Whatdoyouthink?Trytoofferhersomeadvice.（假设你是Joe,你的好朋友Betty因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建议。）返回1．抓题眼。2．抓要点。3．抓立意。4．抓选材。返回举例：MyfavouritesportAnunforgettableexperience返回1.谋篇布局的含义及意义2.谋篇布局的方法与策略返回谋篇布局要做好3件事：1.安排好层次段落2.铺设好过渡3.处理好开头和结尾。方法一：1．将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句；2．将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句；3．将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落；4．结论段归纳概括，提出建议。举例：2010年上海中考卷I’mproudofmyself▲Whatkindofpersonareyou?▲Whatmakesyouproudofyourself?(giveanexample/examples)▲Whyareyouproudofyourself?I’mashygirl,andIdon’tliketotalkwithothers.EspeciallyIamafraidtotalkinpublic,evenanswermyteacher’squestionsinclass.（提示1）However,lasttermanEnglishoralcompetitionreallymademesoconfident.（提示3)OurEnglishteachertoldusthatwewouldhaveanEnglishoralcompetition.ManystudentstookpartinitbutIdidn’t.Youknow,I’malwaysashygirl.ButthenmyEnglishteachertalkedwithmeandencouragedmetotakepartinittoo.AtlastIagreed.Ipracticedandpracticed.Whatdoyouthink?Iwassecond.（提示2）Ibelieve,nothingisimpossibleifyoutryyourbest.AlsoIamveryproudofmyself.(结论归纳）方法二：1.直接将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章的中心段落2.于段尾提出自己的观点（提示中第三句要求的内容）3.根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，提出方法等。2007年上海中考卷ThingsIhatetodo★Whatarethethingsthatyouhatetodo?★Whatdoyouhatedoingmost?Why?(Giveatleasttworeasons.)（中心段落）MostofthetimeIdothingswhichIenjoy.However,therearestillthingsthatIhatetodo.Forexample,Ihatetogoswimming.IamabletoswimbutIthinkitisdangerous.Ihatetoreadghoststories,too,becausetheyarenotonlyfrighteningbutalsoboring.Besides,theyteachmenothing.Infact,Ihatetellingliesmost.（提出观点并阐述理由）It’sabadhabittotelllies.Furthermore,apersonwhotellsliesisdishonest.Ifyoutelllies,nobodywillbelieveyouanymorewhentheyfindoutthetruth.SoIhatetotellliesmost.Iwanttobeanhonestperson.（叙述重点,提出方法）返回举例：2006年重庆中考卷HowtoprotectourschoolenvironmentOurschoolisaverybeautifulschool,buttheschoolenvironmentisgettingworsenow.What’smore,itaffectsourstudyanddailylife.Consequently,ourschoolisaimingatbuildingaperfectcampus.It’sourdutytoworkhardtoachievethisgoal.Atfirst,weshouldcleanourcampusperdaytokeepitcleanandtidy.Besides,it’sagoodideatoplantmoretreesaswellasflowersandgrass.Notonlycanitbeautifyourcampus,butalsoimprovethequalityofair.Finallyandmostimportantly,we’dbetterformthehabitofnotthrowingthewastethingsawaybutputtingthemintothedustbins.Together,individualcanmakeadifference.Let’stakeactionatonce.关联词的使用使文章条理化，过渡自然化。顺序：first,second,third,then,finally,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,next,aboveall,lastbutnottheleast,firstandmostimportant.解释：inotherwords,thatistosay,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,namely,insimplerterms.递进：What’smore,inaddition,and,besides,also,furthermore,too,moreover,aswellas,additionally,again.让步：although,though,afterall,inspiteof…,evenif,eventhough,whatevermayhappen.转折：but,yet,however,while,ratherthan,insteadof,ontheotherhand,unfortunately.原因：forthisreason,dueto,thanksto,because,becauseof,as,since,owingto.结果：asaresult,thus,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently.总结：onthewhole,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,inshort.对比：onthecontrary,while,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,differentfrom,however,otherwise,unlike,yet.列举：forexample,forinstance,suchas,take…forexample.时间：later,next,then,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,meanwhile,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,assoonas,afterwards,earlier,now,afterawhile.返回策略：文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下子引起读者的兴趣。作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：（1）．开门见山，揭示主题（2）．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头（3）.回忆性的开头（4）．概括性的开头（5）．介绍环境式的开头（6）．交待写作目的的开头。举例：1.“HowISpentMyVacation”的开头：ISpentmylastvacationhappily.(开门见山式)2.“ATriptoJinshan”的开头：ThedaybeforeyesterdaymyclasswentonabustriptoJinshan.Ittookusthreehourstogetthere.Thelongtripmadeusverytired,butthesightofthebeautifulsearefreshedus.(交代人物、事情、时间或环境)3.“TheHappinessofReadingBooks”的开头：Peopleoftensaythatgoldandsilverarethemostvaluablethingsintheworld.ButIsaythattoreadbooksismorevaluablethananythingelse,becausebooksgiveusknowledgeandknowledgegivesuspower.(概括性)4.“Anaccident”的开头是:Itwasarainyandwindymorning.Theskywasgloomy,thetemperaturewaslow,andthestreetwasnearlyempty.Iwasonmywaybacktoschool.Suddenly,aspeedingcarcameroundthecorner.(介绍环境式)5.“PollutionControl”的开头：InthisarticleIshalldrawyourattentiontothesubjectofpollutioncontr