英美文学作家作品

〖微缩版〗英美文学作家、作品〖微缩版〗英美文学作家、作品英国部分古英语OldEnglish450-1066《Beowulf》中世纪英语(文学)MedievalEnglish1066-middle14thcentury乔叟GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry《TheCanterburyTales》firsttimetouse'heroiccouplet'英雄体双行诗文艺复兴(含义)TheRenaissance-rebirthorrevival人文主义Humanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing&theimportanceofthepresentlife1.斯宾塞EdmundSpenser-thepoets'poet《TheFaerieQueene》诗人中的诗人《仙后》2.马洛ChristopherMarlowe-UniversityWits,thepioneerofEnglishdramaBlankverse无韵诗体,hyperbole夸张浮士德博士的悲剧《Dr.Faustus》--thehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness对知识、权利、幸福的追求《ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove》pastoral(牧人的,田园的)life3.莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare-aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime四大悲剧Fourtragedies-Hamlet,Othello,KingLear&Macbeth十四行诗第18首《Sonnet18》eternalorimmortalbeauty《威尼斯商人》《TheMerchantofVenice》topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutality《哈姆雷特》《Hamlet》hesitatebetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction,toosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger(复仇者)Tobe,ornottobe-toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction独白Soliloquyormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters4.培根FrancisBacon-brevity,compactness(简洁)&powerfulness,hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishproseInductivemethod归纳法inplaceofdeductivemethod演绎法《论学习》《OfStudies》usesandbenefitsofstudy-studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Studiesperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience.Differentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies-studiesandexperiencearecomplementary互补toeachother.Thecorrectattitudetoreadingbooks-toweighandconsider.Howstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter-readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.5.邓恩JohnDonne玄学诗派metaphysicalpoetry-breakawayfromlovepoetry,aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudes,andafreerangeoffeelingsandmoodsConceits,syllogism三段论《日出》《TheSunRising》thebusysunisalwaysreadytointerferewith(干扰)otherthingsandeverywhere《致死神》《Death,BeNotProud》whateveryouare,youcannotescapefromdeath.Whenyouareliving,youarealwaysintheshadowofdeath.Deathonlylastsamoment,ourlifeafterdeathiseternal.Themorepleasurethedeathgivespeople,notonlythepleasureoftherest&thesleep,because'whomthegodslovedieyoung'.Thoughdeathisusuallyconsideredpowerful,itactuallyprovidesarestforaman'sbodyandabirthforhissoul.6.弥尔顿JohnMilton《失乐园》《ParadiseLost》theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.《复乐园》《ParadiseRegained》《力士参孙》《SamsonAgonistes》themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.新古典主义Neoclassicism-arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion抑制情感&accuracy怯懦启蒙思想(运动)Enlightenment-aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science哥特式小说Gothicnovel-mystery,horror&castles神秘、恐怖7.班扬JohnBunyan(“浮华集市”)《TheVanityFair》from《天路历程》《ThePilgrim'sProgress》,areligiousallegory(寓言),pursuethetruth8..蒲伯AlexanderPope《论批评》《AnEssayonCriticism》apoemwritteninheroiccouplets,criticizethepresentpoemlackoftruetaste&callonpeopletoturntotheoldGreekandRomanwritersforguidance(指导),'truewit'isbestsetinaplain(simple&clear)style.9.笛福DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople《罗宾汉》《RobinsonCrusoe》,praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude清教徒坚韧10.斯威夫待JonathanSwift-amastersatirist讽刺作家.Inhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanently永存的flawed有瑕疵的Properwordsinproperplaces《温和的建议》《AModestProposal》《格列佛游记》《Gulliver'sTravels》,fourparts-Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&Houyhnhnm11.菲尔丁HenryFielding–英语小说之父FatherofEnglishnovel,ProseHomerComicepicinprose《汤姆·琼斯》《TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling》12.约翰逊SamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,lastneoclassicistenlightener《英文字典》《ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage》致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信《TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield》13.谢里丹RichardBrinsleySheridan-theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury《?情敌》《TheRivals》and《造谣学校》《TheSchoolforScandal》areregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.14.格雷ThomasGrayTheGraveyard(墓地)School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》《ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard》?浪漫传奇Romantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldof人文主义精神thehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplaceTheromanticperiodbeganwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge's《LyricalBallads》浪漫主义时期TheRomanticPeriod15.布莱克WilliamBlake-engraver雕刻家《扫烟囱的人》《TheChimneySweeper》from《天真与经验之歌》《SongsofInnocence》ahappyandinnocenceworldfromchildren'seye;《TheChimneySweeper》from《经验之歌》《SongsofExperience》aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy忧郁的tonefrommeneyesChildhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites;《泰戈》《TheTyger》16.华兹华斯WilliamWordsworth-theleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,simple,spontaneous自发的,worshipperofnature'LakePoets'-WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge&RobertSouthey骚赛Hedefinesthepoetasa'manspeaking