张道真实用英语语法Chapter 5

Chapter5PronounsIntroductionA.DefinitionWhatispronoun?APronounisawordusedinplaceofanoun.Usuallypronounsrefertosomethingthatwasalreadymentionedinprevioussentenceorunderstoodbythelistenerorreader.Theyareveryusefulwordsbecausewhenyouusethem,youdonotneedtorepeatnounsallthetime.IntroductionB.ClassificationPersonalpronouns人称代词Possessivepronouns物主代词Selfpronouns自身代词Reciprocalpronouns相互代词Demonstrativepronouns指示代词Interrogativepronouns疑问代词Conjunctivepronouns连接代词Relativepronouns关系代词Indefinitepronouns不定代词IntroductionC.TheFunctionsofPronounsa.Subjecte.g.Whoisonthephone?b.Objecte.g.Ihavereadneitherofthebooks.c.Predicativee.g.That’snotmine.d.Appositivee.g.Youyourselfaretobeblame.IntroductionC.TheFunctionsofPronounse.Directaddresse.g.Bepatient,everybody.IntroductionD.Determinera.DefinitionAdeterminerisawordoraffixthatbelongstoaclassofnounmodifiersthatexpressesthereference,includingquantity,ofanoun.IntroductionD.Determinerb.Types①Articlee.g.Anneisinthegarden.②DemonstrativeAdjectivese.g.ThistimelastyearwewereinCanada.IntroductionD.Determiner③PossessiveDeterminerse.g.Thegirlsarewiththeirmother.④IndefiniteDeterminerse.g.Didyoucatchanyfish?⑤Otherse.g.all,another,several,both,each,etc.PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsA.PersonalPronounsa.PersonalpronounsinEnglishthefirstpersonthesecondpersonthethirdpersonIyouhe,she,itmeyouhim,her,itweyoutheyusyouthemPersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsA.PersonalPronounsb.Functions①Subjecte.g.I’msorryI’mlate.②Objecte.g.Shehasgreatconcernforus(me/him).③Predicativee.g.Isawatonceitwasher.PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsA.PersonalPronounsc.Theuseofpronoun“she”①Personalpronoune.g.Sheismysister.②Femaleanimalse.g.Themarewhinedwhenshesawhermaster.③boat,vehiclee.g.Sheisafineship.④Natione.g.Englishhasdonewhatshepromisedtodo.PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsA.PersonalPronounsd.Theuseofit1)athingorobjecte.g.Lookatthebird.Italwayscomestomywindow.2)abstractthingse.g.You’vesavedmylife.Ishallneverforgetit.3)babieswithoutknowingthesexe.g.Whatabeautifulbaby—isitaboy?4)certainfeelingorsituatione.g.Doesititchmuch?PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsA.PersonalPronounsd.Theuseofit5)whoe.g.Whoisthat(it)?—It’sme.6)time,date,etc.e.g.Whattimeisit?—Itiseighto’clock.7)weather,environment,etc.e.g.Inwinterit’sdarkatsixo’clock.8)distance,etc.e.g.It’s112milesfromLondontoBirmingham.PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsB.Possessivepronounsa.ClassificationPossessivepronounasadjective形容词性物主代词Possessivepronounasnoun名词性物主代词PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsB.Possessivepronounsb.Thefunctionofpossessivepronounasadjective①Attributee.g.Hearrangedformetostudywithhisownchildren.②Predicative,object,etc.e.g.Mytimeisn’tmyown.③Addedwith“of”e.g.Wehavenochildrenofourown.PersonalPronounsandPossessivePronounsB.Possessivepronounsc.Thefunctionsofpossessivepronounsasnoun①Predicativee.g.Isthisyourbookormine?②Subjecte.g.Oursistheonlygardeninthelane.③Objecte.g.Herdaughterisratherstupid,butbothofyoursareveryclever.④Addedwith“of”e.g.Thatfoolofasisterofours.SelfPronounsandReciprocalPronounsA.Selfpronouns/Reflexivepronounsa.SelfpronounsinEnglishmyselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesb.Functions①Objecte.g.Johndressedhimselfinthemostformedsuit.SelfPronounsandReciprocalPronouns②Prepositionalobjecte.g.Heoughttobeashamedofhimself.③Appositiveofsubjectorobjecte.g.Thepresidenthimselfgaveherthemedal.④Foremphasise.g.Shemadethedressherself.⑤Predicativeorsubject(insomeconditions)e.g.IhopeMissGlennandyourselfarekeepingwell.⑥Someidiomsamongyourselves/themselvesbyoneselfbetweenourselvesforoneselfinoneselftooneselfSelfPronounsandReciprocalPronounsB.ReciprocalPronounsa.ReciprocalpronounsinEnglishoneanothereachotherb.Functions①Objecte.g.We’veknowneachotherformanyyears.②Prepositionalobjecte.g.Theystruckateachother.③Attributewith“’s”e.g.Weoftenlistentooneanother’srecords.DemonstrativepronounsA.DemonstrativepronounsinEnglishthis,that,these,thoseB.Theuseofdemonstrativepronounsa.Subjecte.g.Theseareourchildren,DavidandVicky.b.Objectorprepositionalobjecte.g.Dadgavemethis.Ihavenodoubtaboutthat.Demonstrativepronounsc.Predicative(insomeconditions)e.g.WhatIwanttostressisthis.C.TheuseofdemonstrativeadjectivesWhen“this,that,etc.”areusedasattributes,theyarecalleddemonstrativeadjectivesordeterminers.a.Attributese.g.ThistimelastyearwewereinJapan.DemonstrativepronounsC.Theuseofdemonstrativeadjectivesb.Addedwith“ofphrases”toshowaffectione.g.Ihatethatoldbikeofyours.c.“this”canbeaddedtosomenounstoshow“today,thisyear,etc.”e.g.Areyougoingourthisevening?DemonstrativepronounsD.Thespecialusageof“that”&“those”a.Use“that”todemonstratethenounmentionedbeforetoavoidrepetitione.g.Lifetodayismuchbetterthanthatintheolddays.b.Use“those”todemonstratethepluralnounse.g.Myquestionsaresimilartothoseyouraised.DemonstrativepronounsD.Thespecialusageof“that”&“those”c.Theuseof“that”insomeidioms①likethat②thatis(tosay)③that’sall④that’s(about)it⑤that’sthat⑥what’sthatInterrogativePronouns&ConjunctivePronounsA.InterrogativepronounsWho,whom,whose,what,whicha.Theus