高中英语语法虚拟语气

实用标准文案文档大全虚拟语气看句子，寻规律IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotgo.我要是你，我就不会去。IfIwereinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.如果我能再上一次学，我会更加努力。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.假如你当时听了我的话，你现在就会好多了。虚拟语气是什么？虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断依据：与事实相反或不大可能会发生一、If引导的虚拟语气辨别：if引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别Ifhehastime,hewillgowithus.Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithus.怎么用？1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done实用标准文案文档大全主句：主语+should/would/might/could+havedoneIfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/wouldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：①if+主语+weretodo②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）实用标准文案文档大全用法规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）与现在和将来相反时，主句的时态是一致的,从句有一种情况也是一致的。表格if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1.行为动词用did形式2.be动词用wereShould/would/could/might+动词原形与过去的事实相反had+doneShould/would/could/might+havedone与将来的事实相反1.行为动词用did2.should+动词原形3.wereto+动词原形Should/would/could/might+动词原形特殊情况：混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1.IfIhadreceivedthepassportyesterday,Iwouldstarttoday.2.Ifhehadtelephonedmelastnight,Iwouldseehimnow.3.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.4.IfChinahadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.5.Ifhehadlistenedtome,he______beinsuchtroublenow.A.haven’tB.wouldnotC.hadnotD.wouldhaven’t省略if，构成倒装：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首，这种多用于书实用标准文案文档大全面语。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Hadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.WereIyou,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.小试牛刀1.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.Drove;didn’tgetB.Drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot2.____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeet.A.WouldB.ShouldC.WereD.Will3.Ifthey____us,wewouldnotcomeherenow.A.hadinformedB.informedC.informsD.haveinformed4._________hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard5._______itraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.A.ShouldB.BeC.WereD.Will实用标准文案文档大全二、wish虚拟语气wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不该…；但愿…”。(同asif的用法)wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时(与wish同时发生)过去时(were)过去时(在wish之前发生)动词用haddone将来时(在wish之后发生)would/shoulddo（类比if虚拟语气的用法记忆）1.IwishIknewthekeytotheanswer.2.IwishIweretenyearsyounger.3.IwishthatIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastweek.4.IwishI_______youyesterday.A.sawB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee5.Iwishthattherain______stop.A.willB.wouldCmayD.can三、情态动词+虚拟语气should/could/might/oughtto+havedone表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”should/could/mightnot+havedone表示“过去本不应该/可以做而实际上做了”oughtnotto+havedone表示“过去本不应该做而实际上做了”needn’thavedone表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”1.WangFang_______collegelastyear.Unfortunately,hecouldn’ttaketheexaminationsbecauseofasuddenillness.A.couldgoBdidgo实用标准文案文档大全C.couldhavegoneD.musthavegone2.Theplantisdead.I_______itmorewater.A.willgiveB.wouldhavegoneC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegone3.IcouldhavedonebetterifI________moretime.A.havehadB.hadC.hadhadD.willhavehad4.He______toldyouthat.A.needsnothaveB.needn’thaveC.needn’thasD.willhavehad5.You________ittoyourfather.Whynot？A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.wouldhavetoldD.shouldhavetold6.Evenifyouhadnotbeenabletocomelastweek,you______usknow.A.shallhaveletB.hadletC.havehadletD.shouldhavelet三、表示命令或建议表示命令或建议动词suggest,insist,propose,desire,demand,request,order,command后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟should+动词原形，should可省略。1.Theteacherinsistedthateverystudent_______everyotherline.A.writesB.writeC.wouldwriteD.wrote2.Jack’sfatherinsists______inthishotel.A.notstayingBnottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot3.Theyinsistedthatyou_______themaquickanswer.A.shouldgiveB.gaveC.mustgiveD.wouldgive实用标准文案文档大全4.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_______therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey特殊情况：1）suggest表建议时，从句用should+do，表“说明、暗示”时，从句用过去时或过去完成时。1.ThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2.Thedoctorsuggestedthatmygrandmotherhadcaughtabadcold.3.Theexpressiononherfacesuggeststhatsheknewthesecret.4.Isuggestedameeting_______todiscussthematter.A.willbeheldB.wouldbeheldC.shouldholdD.beheld5.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe________toyourplan.A.didn’tagreeB.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagreeD.shouldn’tagree2）insist表示“坚持要去做……，坚持应该去做”，从句用should+do，表示“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”，从句用过去时或过去完成时。1.Sheinsistedthatshe______illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn’tbelieve.A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak2.Heinsistedthatwe______theboytohospital.A.takeB.tookC.wouldtakeD.willtake3.Heinsistedthathe_______ourcar.A.shouldstealB.wouldstealC.hadn’tstolenD.steal虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等。实用标准文案文档大全表语从句中的谓语动词是should+动词原型，should可以省略。1.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestionagain.2.Myadviceisthatweshouldstartatfivetomorrowmorning.3.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents______