高考英语长难句分析-学生稿

高考英语长难句分析纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式一、复合从句二、分隔结构三、成分省略四、改变语序突破策略(1)结构分析法所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法—找主谓语，即找主干成分①However,manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.②Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.③Atthepressofabutton,amicrocomputerlocksallotherfloorschute(道)doorsandsetstherecyclingcontainerturninguntiltherightboxcomesunderthechute.方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词①Thehotsunhadcausedthedough(面团)todoubleinsizeandfermentingyeast(酵母)madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughitwasbreathing.②MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingandMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词①Whereasawoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.(2)意群阅读法意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如：Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother①,anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshield②withaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters③.典型例题例1、WhatWinterknowsofthe19-year-oldwhosavedhislifeisonlythathediedinacaraccidentandthathisfamilywaswillingtohonorhiswishesanddonatehisorgansfortransplantation(移植).例2、Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.跳出陷阱1.Thischancediscoveryendeda12-daysearchbytheLibraryCompanyofPhiladelphiaforahistoricaltreasure—a120-pagediarykept190yearsagobyDeborahLogan—“awomanwhokneweverybodyofherday,”JamesGreen,thelibrariantoldthemagazine“AmericanLibraries”.2.ThealarmhadbeenraisedbecauseVickibecamesuspicious(怀疑)oftheguestwhocheckedinat3pmthedaybeforeNewYear’sEvewithlittleluggageandwearingsunglassesandahatpulleddownoverhisface...3.AttheconferenceinSanFrancisco,DonaldLouria,aprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnology(纳米技术)makeitlikelythathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast.practice1FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.2.ItisdifficulttomeasurethequantityofpaperusedasaresultofuseofInternet-connectedcomputers,althoughjustaboutanyonewhoworksinanofficecantellyouthatwhene-mailisintroduced,theprintersstartworkingovertime.Thatis,thegrowingdemandforpaperinrecentyearsislargelyduetotheincreaseduseoftheInternet.3.Perhapsthebestsignofhowcomputerandinternetusepushesupdemandforpapercomesfromthehigh-techindustryitself,whichseesprintingasoneofitsmostpromisingnewmarket.4.Theactiongrouphasalsofoundacceptablepapermadefrommaterialsotherthanwood,suchasagriculturalwaste.5.MostlyborrowedfromEnglishandChinese,thesetermsareoftenchangedintoformsnolongerunderstoodbynativespeakers.6.Itisoneofmanylanguagebooksthatarenowflyingoffbooksellers’shelves.(7.Themassmediaandgovernmentwhitepapersplayanimportantpartinthespreadofforeignwords.(8.TalesfromAnimalHospitalwilldelightallfansoftheprogrammeandanyonewhowasalivelyinterestintheirpet,whetheritbeacat、dogorsnake!9.Newtonisshownasagiftedscientistwithveryhumanweaknesseswhostoodatthepointinhistorywheremagicendedandsciencebegan10.Butforallthetextsthatarewritten,storedandsentelectronically,alotofthemarestillendinguponpaper11.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence,accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)insaltLakeCity12.TheSaltLakeCitypubliclibraryissoldontheidea.13.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiralofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.14.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1000hugestonefigures,calledmoat,forwhichtheislandismostfamous15.Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10andthey’reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.