学术英语如何做演讲How to do a presentation

EffectivePresentationsMainpointsDefinitionofapresentationElementsofapresentationStructureofapresentationTacticsofapresentationI.Whatisapresentation?Apresentationispubliclyspeakingtoanaudiencewithintenttoinform,demonstrate,explainorpersuade.Thepresentationisnormallywritten,thenperformedandincludesanintroduction,abodyconsistingofmainpointsandaconclusion.Thesubjectmatter,choiceofwordsanddeliveryalldependontheaudience.Visualaidsareoftenincorporatedintothepresentation,ifmeaningfulandrelevant.Nearlyalltypesofspeechesfallintothreemaincategories--informative,persuasiveandmotivational.II.TheelementsofapresentationThethreeelements:information,speaker,audianceInformationInformationcanbesharedbyspeakerandaudiance.informationinapresentationislanguageinformation.AspeakerAspeakeristhesourceofinformation.Aspeakerconveysinformationwithlanguageandnonverbalsymbolsofauxiliaryinformation非言语符号的辅助信息withact,signal,gesture,expression.audiance◆Whoisyouraudiance?Aretheaudiancefamiliarwithyourtopicandthespeciltermsyoumightuse?whatbackgroundknowlededotheyhaveaboutyourtopic?Dotheyhaveanyparticularinterest?Howareyougoingtoinvolvetheminyourpresentation?Aknowledgeoftheaudiance'sacademicbackgroundandinterestwillhelpyoudecidethechoiceofdetails.◆Whatisyourpurpose?Doyouwanttoinformyouraudiance,inspirethemtothinkaboutyourtopic,orconvincethemofaparticularpointofview?Differentpurposewillrequiredifferentstylesandcontent(persuasiveorinformative)演讲是一个双向沟通过程演讲后1.Whatisthepoint?-----objectivesWhatmakesagoodpresentation?Listallthethingsyouthinkmakeagoodpresentation.PurposesformakingapresentationTodemonstrate:aservice,product,system.Tocreate:animage,strategy.Toentertain:colleagues,outsidepeople.Tosell:aconcept,product,idea.Topromote:anattitude,awayofworking.Tosuggest:asolution,anewconcept.Checklist1.Overalla.Doesheconsidertheaudience?b.Doeshehaveaclearobjectiveandstyle(totell,tosell,toamuse)2.Systema.Ishispresentationwellprepared?b.Isthereaclearstructure(beginning,middleandending)?c.Doeshelinkthepartstogetherproperly?d.Isthecontentrelevantandinteresting?e.Hasheconsideredthetiming?3.Deliverya.Doeshespeakclearly?b.Doeshespeakattherightspeedandusingtherightintonations?c.Doesheuseappropriatelanguage?4.Bodylanguagea.Doesheusehisbodytoemphasizemeaning?b.Doeshemaintaineyecontactwithaudience?c.Doesheappearconfidentandpositive?5.Visualaidsa.Arethevisualaidsclear?b.Dotheysupporthismessage?c.Doesheusetheequipmentprofessionally?Organizationofapresentation:IntroductionOutlineMainpartsConclusionReviewPreparationchecklistObjectives:Recheckthatyouhavedefinedyourobjectivecorrectly.Structure:Yourpresentationhaveaclearlyidentifiablestructure?Content:Isallsaidthatneedssaying?Sequence:Isitlogical?Arealllinksandsummariesappropriate?Time:Issufficienttimeavailableforallyouwanttosay?Balance:Iseachsectionweightedcorrectly?Checktheprioritiesofyourargumentsandfacts.Conclusion:Doesitmakepeoplesitupandagreewithyou?Isitpunchy?Objectives:Alltheaboveworktowardsachievingyourobjective?III.StructureofapresentationI、StructuringapresentationAneffectivepresentationstructureincludes:1.Useaneffectiveopening2.Giveapreview3.Stateyourmainpointsclearly4.Useclearinnersummaryandsignalwordsfortransition5.Useaneffectiveclosing2.MakingastartWhichoftheitemsonthechecklistbelowwouldyouincludeintheintroductionto:a.aninternalpresentationtocolleaguesorbosses?b.aninternalpresentationtoteachersorclassmates?c.anexternalpresentationtoclientsorsupplies?d.anexternalpresentationtopublicaudiance?Checklistyournameandposition/jobtitlethetitle/subjectofyourpresentationthepurposeofyourpresentationthelengthoftimeyouwilltakethemainpartsorpointsyouwillcoveranyvisualaidesyouwillusewhentheaudiencemayaskquestionsahumantouch1.1.Exercise:Listentothetape(P12)()Internalpresentationtocolleaguesatabudgetmeeting?()externalpresentationtodelegatesataprofessionalconference2.Completethepresentationintroductionwithwordsfromthelist:talkaboutlookatpointsofviewquestionsbrieffinallyhearactasgoalongGoodafternoonandthankyouformakingtheefforttobeherewithustoday.Myname’sRachelRawlinsandI’mresponsibleforpublicaffairs.WhatI’dliketodotodayis___ourrecentcorporatecampaign.This___talkwillhopefully___aspringboardfordiscussion.I’mgoingto___thecorporatecampaignfrom3___:firstly,thecustomers;secondly,thefinancialinstitutions;and___,theshareholders.Ifyouhaveany___,justinterruptmeasI___.Yourpointofviewmaywellbedifferent,andwe’dliketo__fromyou.1)UseaneffectiveopeningGoalsTechniques●Usehumor●Refertotheunusual●Refertothefamiliar●Useaudiencemotivationtechniques2)Giveapreview3)StateyourmainpointsclearlyFollowyourpreviewLimityourmainpointsUseexplicittransitionsProvideinternalsummaries4)UseaneffectiveclosingGiveasummaryRefertotheopeningEndwiththeactionstepsRefertoaudiencebenefits表4.1开头实例例1：提问“我想问一下在座的诸位，哪位知道过去24小时里在中国有多少孩子出生?”“我想知道，如果我告诉您，您的计算机在买进时已经过时，您有何感想?”例2：事实陈述“今天，我们市又有30个孩子的父亲因工去世——这类死亡本可得到预防!”例3：提及“今天，这里的每一位都记得，当我们听到唐山大地震时的震惊和悲痛。”例4：主题“我今晚要给您讲述令人激动振奋的xR5多用程序，然后告诉您这种电脑将如何改变您的经商方式。”例5：引用“一位伟人说：‘每个人的经历远远超过他的想像范围’。不过，正是经