第十周狄更斯《远大前程》

1.______isadecayingoldmansion______isPip’sbenefactor______wantedtohurtothersasshehadbeenhurt.______isfineexampleofsimple,honestgoodness.______isPip’ssistera.Joeb.Magwitchc.Mrs.Joed.Estellae.MissHavishamf.SatisHouse2.HowdoPip’sexperiencesafterMagwitch’sarrivalcontributetohisgrowthandmaturity?19th-centuryEnglishNovelsBackground:introductiontotheTheVictorianPeriod(1837–1901)Canyourememberwhatimportanteventtakesplacein1837?Yes!QueenVictoriabeginsherreign.WhatistheVictorianPeriodlike?•Theagewitnessedincomparablegreatchangesinalltheconditionsoflife.1.Materialcomfort2.Scientificknowledge3.Politicalandsocialreforms4.Intellectualandspiritualenlightenment.VictorianLondonVictorianLondonVictorianLondonVictorianLondonVictorianLondonVictorianLondonchildlaborItisacottonmill.Thisiswherechildrenworkrepairingbrokenthreads.workonafarmChildrenworkindifferenthousessweepingthechimneysLiteratureinVictorianPeriod:•Literarycurrent:criticalrealism•FeaturesoftheVictorianLiterature1.Dominantform:novels2.Truthfuldepictionofpeople’slife3.CriticismofthecapitalistsocietyCharlesDickens(1812–1870)CharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7,1812inPortsmouth,England.CharlesDickens(1812–1870)CharlesDickensBy1824Charles’fatherJohnfoundhimselfinseriousdebtandwassentencedtoservetimeattheMarshalseaDebtorsPrison.Johnservedhistimeinthisdebtor’sprisonwithhisfamily,allbutCharles.CharlesDickens&Debtor’sPrisonTheseplaceswerecommonlyworkhouseswheretheywouldmakepotatosacks,basketsandothermass-produceditems.TheseareverysimilartotheoneinCharlesDickens’novelOliverTwist.Normally,ifadebtorhadfamily,thentheywouldaccompanyhiminprison.CharlesDickensDickenswassenttoWarren’sShoeBlackingFactorywherehelivedandworkedindeplorableconditions.Heearnedsixshillingsaweekforhislabor,andallofitwenttoallayhisfather’sdebtandtosupportthefamily.Theauthorcountedtheseyearsasthemostterribleofhislife.Theseexperiencesofabandonmentandchildhoodpovertywouldhaveaprofoundimpactontheauthor’slife.CharlesDickensTheseexperiencesalsoformedmanyofhisviewsoflife,andsubsequentlyrecurringthemesinhisworks.Dickenswrotefifteenmajornovelsandcountlessshortstoriesbeforehisdeath.DeathandRemembranceAshismarriagebecameworseandworseCharlesbeganseeingayoungactress.Duringhis22yearmarriagehehad10children.Hewasknownforstayingoutlateatsocialgatherings.Hecontinuedthislifestyleevenwhenhishealthbeganfailing.CharlesDickensdiedofastrokeaftera“FarewellReadingTour.”LiteraryCareerandContributions•Wroteunderthepenname“Boz”andsentshortcomicalstoriesto“TheDailyChronicle”whichgainedhimasmallamountoffameandrecognition.•ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClubappearedthrough1836-1837andeventuallypublishedin1837.–ItwasthisstorythatturnedDickensintoahouseholdname.•BarnabyRudgeappearedin1841.LiteraryCareerandContribution(cont.)•ThemostrenownedworkofDickensiseasilyAChristmasCarol(1843).•InhislifetimeDickens’published15worksinhislifetime.–OliverTwist–DavidCopperfield–ATaleofTwoCities•Hislastworkwasleftunfinished,TheMysteryofEdwinDrood.CharlesDickens’MajorWorks1837-39OliverTwist1838-39NicholasNickleby1840-41TheOldCuriosityShop1843AChristmasCarol1849-50DavidCopperfield1851-53BleakHouse1854HardTimes1859ATaleofTwoCities1860-61GreatExpectations1864-65OurMutualFriend1869-70TheMysteryofEdwinDroodCharlesDickens’MajorWorksHeexercisedhissocialconscience•Hecrusadedforchildren’srights.•Hewasanadvocateofchildlaborlawstoprotectchildren.•Heopposedcruelty,deprivation,andcorporalpunishmentofchildren.•Hebelievedinandlobbiedforjusttreatmentofcriminals.Inaddition,•Heprotestedagreedy,uncaring,materialisticsocietythroughsuchworksasAChristmasCarol,whichDickenscalled“asledgehammer”heusedfigurativelytowakeupthereadingpublic•HerepeatedlyusedsatiretohighlightproblemsinhissocietyEnglishliterature,hiscreativityisrivaledonlybyShakespeare's.”“InallofGreatExpectationsByCharlesDickensGreatExpectations•DickenswroteandpublishedGreatExpectationsin1860-1861,andthenovellooksbacktoanearliertime(1812-1840).•GreatExpectationslooksbackuponaperiodofpre-Victoriandevelopmentthathadbecome,by1860,thoroughlyhistorical.However,asaVictoriannovel,GreatExpectationsisitselftheproductofadynamicmomentinhistory.ThemesofGreatExpectations•AmbitionandSelf-Improvement•SocialClass•Crime,Guilt,andInnocenceAmbitionandSelf-Improvement•Affection,loyalty,andconsciencearemoreimportantthansocialadvancement,wealth,andclass.•DickensestablishesthethemeandshowsPiplearningthislesson,largelybyexploringideasofambitionandself-improvement—ideasthatquicklybecomeboththethematiccenterofthenovelandthepsychologicalmechanismthatencouragesmuchofPip’sdevelopment.Chapter39:•Whyischapter39apivotaloneinthewholenovel?•HowdoesDickenscommunicatetheimportanceofthischaptertoreader?•Whatisthemeaningof“gentleman”inthecontextofthenovel?Beingagentleman•Inthenovelweareintroducedtotwodifferentideasofwhatmakesagentleman:1.Oneideaisthatagentlemanismadewhatheisbyhissocialstatusorclass:thisismeasuredintermsofhisunderstandingofrulesofsocialetiquette(tablemannersandsoon),habitsofdressandspeechandthestandingofhisfamily;ofcourse,wealthisimportant,too.Ev