商务合同翻译..

商务英语翻译TranslationofBusinessEnglish商务合同与协议翻译商务合同与协议的词汇特征商务合同与协议的文体特征商务合同与协议的翻译商务合同Contract:anagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。商务合同的构成国际通用的英文商务合同内容大致可以分为三个部分：一、约首(thehead):包括合同标题和前言。前言中包括1）订约时间dateofsigning2)订约地点placeofsigning3)合同当事人signingparties4)当事人合法依据eachparty’sauthority5)定约缘由Recitalsof“whereas”Clause商务合同的构成国际通用的英文商务合同内容大致可以分为三个部分：二、本文(thebody):1)一般条款generaltermsandconditions2)特殊条款三、约尾（thetail):合同份数、使用的文字及其效力、合同附件的效力、签名、盖章条款等。商务合同及协议的词汇特征1使用古体词e.g.1)Thisagreementshallbeginonthedatehereofandshallcontinuefor5yearsthereafter.2)Intheeventofthedeathofanypartner,thispartnershipshallnotbetherebydissolved.3)ForanybusinesstransactedbetweengovernmentsofbothParties,PartyAmayhandlesuchdirectdealingsasauthorizedbyPartyA’sgovernmentwithoutbindinghimselftothisAgreement.PartyBshallnotinterfereinsuchdirectdealingsnorshallPartyBbringforwardanydemandforcompensationwherefrom.aforesaidaforementionedforthwithhereafterherebyhereinhereon前述的上述的随即之后据此本文件中于是；关于这个hereofthereintheretothereinaftertheretoforethereuntothereupon于此在其中到那里以下；在下文直到那时在那里就该事therewiththereonhereunderherewithheretoforehereinbeforehereinafterthereabout与此关于在下文随附迄今为止此前大约thereafterthereatwhereaswhereonwherebywhereinhithertowhereasinwitnesswhereof此后，据此因此鉴于关于那；在其上由是；凭那个在其中迄今鉴于以兹为证合同中还会出现一些少见的词汇e.g.ThetotalContractpricetobepaidbyPartyApursuanttotheContentandScopeoftheContractasstipulatedinSection2oftheContractis_____.按本合同第二章规定的合同内容和范围，甲方向乙方支付的合同总价为___。pursuantto:accordingto商务合同及协议的词汇特征2使用外来词proratetaxrate比例税率inlieuof代替forcemajeure不可抗力agentadlitem委托代理人insurancepremiumpercapita人均保险费商务合同及协议的词汇特征3选词正式因为财务年度末在……之前关于开始停止做事实上认为愿意做byvirtueofatthecloseofthefiscalyearpriortoasregards/concerning/relatingtocommencementceasetodoineffectdeemintend/desiretodo商务合同及协议的词汇特征3选词正式赔偿出租终止违约理解合同其他事项何时开会并由某某主持indemnitiesleaseterminatebreachconstrue/comprehendacontractmiscellaneousthemeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.商务合同及协议的词汇特征3选词正式e.g.AnyeventorcircumstancebeyondthecontrolofthePartiesshallbedeemedaneventofForceMajeureandshallinclude,butnotberestrictedto,fire,storm,flood,earthquake,explosion,war,rebellion,insurrection,epidemicandquarantinerestriction.双方如遇有无法控制的事件或情况应视为不可抗力事件，但不限于火灾、风灾、水灾、地震、爆炸、战争、叛乱、暴动、传染病及瘟疫。商务合同及协议的词汇特征4多用术语e.g.Inprocessingtransactions,themanufacturesneverhavetitleeithertothematerialsorthefinishedproducts.在加工贸易中，生产方对原材料和产成品都没有所有权。TheleadPartnersubmitsacopyoftheshorttermcashflowwhichcoverstheperiodSeptember2005toFebruary2006.Mr.SmithhighlightsthemainitemsofthecashflowwhicharetheEndowmentfundtheAdvancePaymentasfarastheReceiptisconcernedandthedownpaymentforTBMsandplants,purchaseoffixedassetsandtheadvancepaymenttosubcontractorsfortheExpenditures.责任方递交了一份从2005年9月到2006年2月间的短期现金流量表。史密斯先生强调指出：主要的现金流就收入款项而言有集资款和预付款，就支出款项而言有TBM(隧洞掘进机）设备定金、固定资产购置费和分包商预付款。商务合同及协议的词汇特征4多用术语ExWorks(namedplace)工厂交货（指定地点）FCA:FreeCarrier(namedplace)货交承运人（指定地点）FAS:FreeAlongsideShip(namedportofshipment)船边交货（指定装运港）FOB:FreeOnBoard(namedportofshipment)船上交货（指定装运港）CFR:Cost&Freight(namedportofdestination)成本加运费（指定目的港）CIF:Cost,InsuranceandFreight(namedportofdestination)成本，保险加运费（指定目的港）商务合同及协议的词汇特征4多用术语CPT:CarriagePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)运费付至（指定目的港）CIP:CarriageandInsurancePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)运费保险费付至（指定目的港）DAF:DeliveredatFrontier(namedplace)边境交货（指定地点）DES:DeliveredexShip(namedportofdestination)船上交货（指定目的港）DEQ:DeliveredexQuay(namedplaceofdestination)码头交易（指定目的地）DDU:DeliveredDutyUnpaid(namedplaceofdestination)未完税交货（指定目的地）DDP:DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)完税后交货（指定目的地）商务合同及协议的词汇特征5多用并列结构e.g.ThisagreementismadeandenteredintobyandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.本协议由甲方和乙方共同制定。ThisagreementandanyrightsorobligationshereunderarenottransferableorassignablebyonepartytothisAgreementwithouttheconsentoftheotherpartyhereto.本协议以及本协议所规定的权利或义务，未经另一方同意不得擅自转让。Thebuyerisresponsibleforthefollowingcostsandchargesinthesaleandtransportofgoods.买方承担货物运输和销售中的成本和费用。商务合同及协议的词汇特征6May,shall,must,maynot(或shallnot)的使用may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么）shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候）must用于强制性义务（必须做什么）maynot(或shallnot)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）maydo不能说成cando，shalldo，不能说成shoulddo或oughttodomaynotdo在美国一些法律文件可以用shallnot，但绝不能用cannotdo或mustnot。CaseStudyThepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople’sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。Practice下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品。合同生效后，当事人就质量、价格或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，可以协议补充。买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列产品并签订合同。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductsaretobemadeinChina.If,afterthecontractmadebyandbetweenthep