英语主动语态和被动语态课件

WhatisthePassiveVoice?英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)Whatisit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)Whentouseit?1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如:AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.TheStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+P.P.)一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。说这家工厂已经开张。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如:Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Footballallovertheworld.Wethisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wereused(byus)tomake一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abirthdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheldbyTom情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaway(byyou)hastobefinished(byus)ontimeHeridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.4．AbycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek.Theywouldhaveapartythenextday.Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives___________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfuls