航空发动机专业英语之飞机机体

《Englishspecializedinengine》page11.7AirfoilAnairfoilisanypartofanaircraftthatisdesignedtoproducelift.Thewingistheprimaryairfoilbutthepropellercanalsobeanairfoilaswellasthetailsurfacesorsometimeseventhefuselageitself.Anairfoilhasaleadingedge,atrailingedge,achord,andcamber.Theleadingedgeisthe“front”oftheairfoil–theportionthatmeetstheairfirst.Thetrailingedgeisthebackoftheairfoil–theplaceatwhichtheairflowovertheuppersurfaceoftheairfoiljoinstheairflowoverthelowersurfaceoftheairfoil.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page2Figure1.6Theelementsofanairfoilairfoil翼型fuselage机身，壳体leadingedge前缘trailingedge后缘chord弦camber弯度《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page3Thechordofanairfoilistheimaginarystraightlinedrawnthroughtheairfoilfromitsleadingedgetoitstrailingedge.Thecamberofanairfoilisthecurveofitsupperandlowersurfaces.Thiscurveismeasuredbyhowmuchitdepartsfromthechordoftheairfoil.Someairfoilshaveverylittlecamber,i.e.,theairfoillooksflat,whileothershaveahigherdegreeofcamber—theairfoilhasmorecurve.Thetermuppercamberreferstothecamberoftheuppersurfaceoftheairfoil.Thetermlowercamberreferstothecamberofthelowersurfaceoftheairfoil.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page4Thecamberofanairfoilaffectsitslift.Thedirectionoftheairthatisflowingpastanairfoilrelativetothepathofflightiscalledtherelativewind.Therelativewindisalwaysparallelandoppositeindirectiontothepathofflight.imaginarystraightline假想的直线departfrom离开i.e.也就是flat平，扁平lift升力《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page5parallel与…相似，相同的，同样的1.8AirplanePartsDefinitionsFigure1.7AirplanePartsDefinitions《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page6Cockpit驾驶座，驾驶舱Jetengine喷气发动机Thrust推力Wing机翼Horizontalstabilizer水平安定面Pitch俯仰Verticalstabilizer垂直安定面Yaw偏航Rudder方向舵Side-to-side左右《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page7Elevator升降舵Up-down上下Flaps襟翼Drag阻力Aileron副翼Roll旋转Spoiler扰流片，扰流器Slats前缘缝翼Payload有效负载《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page8Thispageshowsthepartsofanairplaneandtheirfunctions.Airplanesaretransportationdeviceswhicharedesignedtomovepeopleandcargofromoneplacetoanother.Airplanescomeinmanydifferentshapesandsizesdependingonthemissionoftheaircraft.Theairplaneshownonthisslideisaturbine-poweredairlinerwhichhasbeenchosenasarepresentativeaircraft.airliner班(客)机《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page9representative典型，有代表性Foranyairplanetofly,youmustlifttheweightoftheairplaneitself,thefuel,thepassengers,andthecargo.Thewingsgeneratemostofthelifttoholdtheplaneintheair.Togeneratelift,theairplanemustbepushedthroughtheair.Thejetengines,whicharelocatedbeneaththewings,providethethrusttopushtheairplaneforwardthroughtheair.Theairresiststhemotionintheformofaerodynamicdrag.Someairplanesusepropellersforthepropulsionsysteminsteadofjets.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page10locate设置，安排，固定beneath在下方，在…之下motion运动Tocontrolandmaneuvertheaircraft,smallerwingsarelocatedatthetailoftheplane.Thetailusuallyhasafixedhorizontalpiece(calledthehorizontalstabilizer)andafixedverticalpiece(calledtheverticalstabilizer).Thestabilizers’jobistoprovidestabilityfortheaircraft,tokeepitflyingstraight.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page11Theverticalstabilizerkeepsthenoseoftheplanefromswingingfromsidetoside,whilethehorizontalstabilizerpreventsanup-and-downmotionofthenose.(OntheWrightbrother’sfirstaircraft,thehorizontalstabilizerwasplacedinfrontofthewings.SuchaconfigurationiscalledacanardaftertheFrenchwordfor“duck”).Attherearofthewingsandstabilizersaresmallmovingsectionsthatareattachedtothefixedsectionsbyhinges.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page12Inthefigure,thesemovingsectionsarecoloredbrown.Changingtherearportionofawingwillchangetheamountofforcethatthewingproduces.Theabilitytochangeforcesgivesusameansofcontrollingandmaneuveringtheairplane.Thehingedpartoftheverticalstabilizeriscalledtherudder:itisusedtodeflectthetailtotheleftandrightasviewedfromthefrontofthefuselage.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page13Thehingedpartofthehorizontalstabilizeriscalledtheelevator,itisusedtodeflectthetailupanddown.Theoutboardhingedpartofthewingiscalledtheaileron:itisusedtorollthewingsfromsidetoside.Mostairlinerscanalsoberolledfromsidetosidebyusingthespoilers.Spoilersaresmallplatesthatareusedtodisrupttheflowoverthewingandtochangetheamountofforcebydecreasingtheliftwhenthespoilerisdeployed.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page14maneuver操纵stabilizer安定面nose机头configuration外形canard前置安定面rear后面，后部hinge铰链deflect偏斜，偏转deployed展开，散开，应用《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page15Thewingshaveadditionalhinged,rearsectionsnearthebodythatarecalledflaps.Flapsaredeployeddownwardontakeoffandlandingtoincreasetheamountofforceproducedbythewing.Onsomeaircraft,thefrontpartofthewingwillalsodeflect.Slatesareusedattakeoffandlandingtoproduceadditionalforce.Thespoilersarealsousedduringlandingtoslowtheplacedownandtocounteracttheflapswhentheaircraftisontheground.Thenexttimeyouflyonanairplanenoticehowthewingshapechangesduringtakeoffandlanding.《EnglishSpecializedinengine》page16landing着落，降落counteract平衡，中和，抵消，阻碍Thefuselageorbodyoftheairplane,holdsallthepiecestogether.Thepilotssitinthecockpitatthefrontofthefuselage.Passengersandcargo.arecarriedint