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以单位时间(1h)作为物料衡算的基准则,F=D+WF*XF=D*XD+W*Xw单位数量原料液量Fkmol/h261.8塔顶馏出液量Dkmol/h64.8603603664.86036036塔釜残液量Wkmol/h196.9396396196.9396396原料液中易挥发组分的摩尔分数XF0.23馏出液中易挥发组分的摩尔分数XD0.898釜残液中易挥发组分的摩尔分数Xw0.01塔顶易挥发组分的回收率ηD0.96729338塔顶易挥发组分的回收率ηw0.967181467馏出液的采出率D/F0.247747748釜液的采出率W/F0.752252252名称原料液馏出液釜残液w(质量分数)0.350.940.02x(摩尔分数)0.230.8980.01流量kmol/h261.864.86036036196.9396396求相对挥发度α1、塔顶y10.898压力PkPa101.325假设t(℃)83PA0110.6967938PB043.01562333则,x10.861530264y10.941215277假设t(℃)82PA0107.3913823PB041.57949972则,x10.907822386y10.962174201则塔顶温度为t(℃)85.0619034985.06190349则,PA0117.7631723PB046.10280151则相对挥发度α2.554360442、塔进料处x20.23假设t(℃)90PA0136.1200349PB054.22336977则,x10.575134899y10.772636393假设t(℃)91PA0140.0940388PB055.99923608则,x10.538984128y10.745210593则塔进料处温度为t(℃)99.5470965599.54709655则,PA0177.8501968PB073.15164165则相对挥发度α2.4312536653、塔底x30.01假设t(℃)108PA0222.4577745甲醇、水(泡点进料)连续精馏塔计算320.2318(10..23)21.22/FMkgkmol7410261.8/21.2224300FmFkmolhMPB093.97875314则,x10.057178571y10.12553484假设t(℃)109PA0228.2528547PB096.72332829则,x10.034985846y10.078811933则塔底温度为t(℃)110.1258575110.1258575则,PA0234.9144457PB099.88848369则相对挥发度α2.351767061则全塔的相对挥发度α2.450971388精馏段的相对挥发度α2.492046986回流比R0.23汽相组成y和液相组成x的函数关系式:可得,yq=0.422668907则,最小回流比为Rmin2.467087721所以,R=(1.1—2)Rmin3.700631581则,X=(R-Rmin)/(R+1)0.01<X<0.90.262420877则,Y=(N-Nmin)/(N+2)0.401078195利用芬斯克方程求Nmin8.552074383则全塔理论板层数N15.61845084则为16块板。求精馏段理论塔板层数实际N实32块板。利用芬斯克方程求Nmin4.705499892精馏段理论塔板层数N9.195952182则加料板为从塔顶往下第10理论板物料平衡1、精馏段液体的摩尔流量Lkmol/h240.0242979Ln10.01325精馏段气体的摩尔流量Vkmol/h304.8846583塔顶物料平均千摩尔质量MDkg/kmol30.572塔顶气相密度ρgkg/m³1.040315717塔顶液相密度ρlkg/m³732.8311451查的B32温度下甲醇的表面张力σN/m0.028精馏段上升与下降气体积流量Vgm³/h8959.7163792.488810105精馏段上升与下降液体积流量Vlm³/h10.01325187假设板间距HTmm400板上清液层高度hl50-100mm60则分离空间HT-hl0.34气液动能参数VL/Vg√(ρl/ρg)0.029661988查得气体的负荷因子C200.075则气体的负荷因子校正Cm/s0.080220778则最大允许速率umaxm/s2.127638165取空塔速率为最大允许速率的(0.6-0.8)0.7则空塔速率为um/s1.489346715则精馏段塔径Dm1.586265138则D可取m1.6由于本设计采用的是泡点进料,则q=1,xq=xf由表可知,当塔径取1.6m时,板间距可取400mm,因此假设的板间距可用。2、提馏段液体的摩尔流量Lkmol/h501.8242979Ln10.12223提馏段气体的摩尔流量Vkmol/h304.8846583塔底物料平均千摩尔质量MDkg/kmol18.14塔底气相密度ρgkg/m³0.576892967塔底液相密度ρlkg/m³899.316916查的B58温度下水的表面张力σN/m0.0165提馏段上升与下降气体积流量Vgm³/h9586.8870352.663024176提馏段上升与下降液体积流量Vlm³/h10.12223011假设板间距HTmm400板上清液层高度hl50-100mm60则分离空间HT-hl0.34气液动能参数VL/Vg√(ρl/ρg)0.041687644查得气体的负荷因子C200.075则气体的负荷因子校正Cm/s0.072169227则最大允许速率umaxm/s2.848534424取空塔速率为最大允许速率的(0.6-0.8)0.7则空塔速率为um/s1.993974097则提馏段塔径Dm1.640844606则D可取m1.8则塔有效段高为:Zm12.4塔板结构尺寸确定堰长lwlw=(0.6-0.8)*D(1.08-1.44)假设lwm1.4则lw/D0.777777778据图可得,Wd/D0.19Af/AT0.13塔板总面积为AT㎡2.5434弓形溢流管宽度Wdm0.342弓形降液管面积Af㎡0.330642检验:液体在精馏段降液管内的停留时间ττ>5s47.5494361液体在提留段降液管内的停留时间ττ>5s47.03750803堰上液流高度how6mm<how<60mm11.10990396塔的平均液相流量Lhkmol/h10.06774099Lh/(lw)^2.54.341221497查表得液流收缩系数E1.05堰高度hw48.89009604溢流塔底与塔盘间距离ho因塔径大于800mm,所以采取单溢流型分块式塔板由表可知,当塔径取1.8m时,板间距可取400mm,因此假设的板间距可用。处理量:4万吨/年原料组成:甲醇的质量分率wf=0.35(质量分数)产品要求:塔顶甲醇的质量分率wd=0.94(质量分数)塔底甲醇的质量分率=0.02(质量分数)生产时间:300天/年冷却水进口温度:25℃加热剂:0.9MP饱和水蒸汽单板压降:小于或等于0.7kpa生产方式:连续操作,泡点回流全塔效率:Et=50%压力为:P0=101.325kPa原料液的摩尔组成:甲醇的摩尔质量为:32kg/kmol水的摩尔质量为:18kg/kmol以年工作日为300天,每天开车24小时计,进料量为:进料液的平均摩尔数由于精馏过程的计算均以摩尔分数为准,需先把设计要求中的质量分数转化为摩尔分数。0.35/320.230.35/320.65/18FxD0.94/320.8980.94/3210.94/18x()W0.02/320.010.02/3210.02/18x()320.2318(10..23)21.22/FMkgkmol7410261.8/21.2224300FmFkmolhM常用标准塔径:600、700、800、1000、1200、1400、1600、1800、2000、2200……对于塔径大于1m的板式塔,凡开有人孔处的板间距不小于600mm;进料板应与上一板间距应稍大一些txy温度液相中甲醇汽相中甲醇10000t/°C的摩尔分数的摩尔分数92.95.3128.341000090.37.6740.0199.410.00170.012588.99.2643.5399.250.00350.02586.612.5748.3197.80.01230.08898513.1554.5597.350.01410.097583.216.7455.8596.920.01980.121482.318.1857.7595.820.02580.158981.620.8362.7395.060.0330.188280.223.1964.8594.130.03570.21457828.1867.7592.240.05250.274677.829.0968.01900.0740.35676.733.3369.1888.570.08720.39576.235.1373.4786.930.10790.4473.846.277.5685.370.12890.477672.752.9279.7183.380.16350.53771.359.3781.8381.950.19120.57247068.4984.9280.250.23270.61626885.6289.6279.060.26840.648366.987.4191.9478.140.29420.665864.710010076.520.35240.704475.340.40210.734174.220.45430.759573.210.50220.785371.950.56280.812370.90.62430.83569.150.71730.877368.070.78980.909867.570.82310.922567.170.84260.9366.90.85740.938566.890.8720.942265.980.91850.963865.730.92950.968265.710.9380.971264.680.98850.994764.6511常压下甲醇和水的气液平衡表(t—x—y)表二甲醇-水汽液相平衡数据[1]
本文标题:精馏塔计算
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