高考英语attributive-clause

①ZhangHengwasafamousscientistwho/thatmadetheearliestseismographin132.②HowardCarterwhowasbornin1874,isthemanwho/thatfoundKingTut’stombin1922.③“Titanic”istheshipthat/whichsankafterhittinganiceberg.④Beijingisthecitywhich/thathasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.Thegirlwhoselegwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.Thelittleboywhoseeyesareblueisholdingadog.Theoldmanwhosehouseisonfireisshoutingforhelp.AnAttributiveClauseservesasanattributetosomenounorpronouninthemainclause.Thisnounorpronouniscalledtheantecedent.Theclauseisoftenplacedaftertheantecedentandintroducedbytherelativepronounsandtherelativeadverbs.一、关系代词的选择及可否省略•Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisawriter.•Thewoman(who/whom/that)Ivisitedlastweekisafamouswriter.•Beijingisthecitywhich/thathasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.•Adictionaryisabook(which/that)youcanusetolearnmorewords.•Thelittleboywhoseeyesareblueisholdingadog.•Westudyintheclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhichfacessouth.1.Whentalkingaboutpeople,weusewho,whom,whose,that;2.Whentalkingaboutthings,weusewhich,that.Tips二、介词+关系代词的用法：Theperson(who/that/whom)youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Ball.Thegames(which/that)hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.Thegamesinwhichhecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.Question:Howtochoosetheproperprepositions?First,wecanfindoutwhichverbtheprepositionisusedwithintheclause.Second,wecanfindoutwhichnounorpronountheclausemodifies.Third,wecanfindoutthemeaningoftheclause.补充：1.关系代词as在限制性定语从句中的用法：Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetold.IwilldoasmuchasIcan(do)tohelpyou.Myhometownisnolongerthesameasitwas.cf:Iwillbuythesamebikeasyours.Thisisthesamemuseumthatyouoncevisited.2.先行词theway后的关系词：Alldependsontheway(that/inwhich)youstartthework.3.定语从句中的主谓一致:ThebookwhichliesonthedeskismineThebookswhichlieonthedeskaremine.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestboyswhowaspraised.4.只用that,不用which的情况：1）先行词是不定代词,如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone,some等。Isthereanythingthatyouwant?2）先行词被all,every,no,some,little,few,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,等所修饰时。Theonlythingthatherememberedwashername.他唯一记得的东西是她的名字。3）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.这是我来到这里以来看的第一部电影。4）先行词中既有人又有物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandthethings（that）theyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论了他们所记得的学校里的老师和一些事情。5）在以疑问词who或which开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？Whichisthebookthatyouwanttobuy?你想买的书是哪一本？6）关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.她已经不是过去的她了。Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatsheusedtobe.中国不再是过去的中国了。5.不宜用that的情况：1)关系代词前有介词时2)非限制性定语从句中3)先行词本身是that时Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.6.先行词是人时只宜用who不宜用that的情况：1）当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who，不用that.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何违反法律的人都要受到惩罚。Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.想去看电影的人必须在校门口等。2）在therebe开头的句子中Thereisacomradewhowantstoseeyou.3)在非限制性定语从句中Onthesecondfloor,therelivedayoungman,whowasaartist.三、关系副词when,where,why的用法：Thisisthefactorywherehevisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthefactory(which/that)hevisitedlastweek.DoyoustillrememberthedaywhenwevisitedtheGreatWalltogether?Doyoustillremembertheday(which/that)wespenttogetherlastsummer?ThereasonwhyPeterissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.Thereason(which/that)heexplainedtomeisunbelievable.(inwhich)(onwhich)(forwhich)补充：关系副词where的先行词亦可是有地点含义的抽象名词Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他已到了改弦易辙的地步。Therearecaseswheretheword“that”canbeusedasarelativeadverb.在有些情况下，that可以用作关系副词。ThemanwhogreetedmeismyteacherJohn,whogreetedme,ismyteacher.向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师John是我的老师，他向我打过招呼比较：•Inmeaning:TheRestrictiveAttributiveClauseisessentialtotheclearunderstandingofthenounwhiletheNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausejustgivesusefulextrainformation.比较：Inwriting:Wedon’tusecommaswiththeRAC,butcommasareoftenusedwiththeNRAC.比较：Intranslation:RACisusuallytranslatedtogetherwiththenounitmodifiesasanattribute,whileNRACistranslatedasacompoundsentence.比较：Inrelatives:“That”canbeusedinsteadof“which”,“who”or“whom”,andobjectpronounscanbeleftoutintheRAC,but“that”can’tbeusedandobjectpronounscan’tbeleftoutintheNRAC.Moreexamples:1.Thisisthemanwhocametoseemeyesterday.2.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.3.Shehasfoundthenecklacethatshehadlosttwoweeksago.4.Hisspeech,whichtiredeveryone,wentonandon.Moreexamples:5.ItoldthestorytoTom,wholatertoldittoJohn.6.Mr.White,whosehomeisnotfarfromhere,isadoctor.7.Intheolddays,whenIwasalittleboy,thecityhasnoindustrytospeakof.Moreexamples:8.Shehastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors.9.Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.补充：as与which引导的非限制性定语从句：1.As（正如，就像），引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句中、句末。which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句末。Asweallknow,theearthisround.Asisknowntoall,thesunrisesintheeast.2.从句与主句语义一致时常用as,反之用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.3.as在从句中做主语时，常接行为动词的被动语态,如：asisknown/said/reported…,如果从句中行为动词是主动，一般用which.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.；杏彩注册杏彩注册；回他并没有拒绝,直接在南沙主城中呆了下来,而正好这时候南缘就苏醒了.南缘刚刚