小鼠淋巴结位置

ResearchpaperAnatomyandnomenclatureofmurinelymphnodes:DescriptivestudyandnomenclatorystandardizationinBALB/cAnNCrlmiceWimVandenBroecka,⁎,AnnieDeroreb,c,PaulSimoensaaDepartmentofMorphology,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,GhentUniversity,Salisburylaan133,B-9820Merelbeke,BelgiumbInnogeneticsNV,IndustrieparkZwijnaarde7,B-9052Ghent,BelgiumcFlandersInteruniversityInstituteforBiotechnology(VIB),Technologiepark927,B-9052Ghent,BelgiumReceived21November2005;receivedinrevisedform10January2006;accepted26January2006Availableonline6March2006AbstractMurinelymphnodesareintensivelystudiedbutoftenassignedincorrectlyinscientificpapers.InBALB/cAnNCrlmice,wecharacterizedatotalof22differentlymphnodes.Peripheralnodesweresituatedintheheadandneckregion(mandibular,accessorymandibular,superficialparotid,cranialdeepcervicalnodes),andattheforelimb(properaxillary,accessoryaxillarynodes)andhindlimb(subiliac,sciatic,poplitealnodes).Intrathoraciclymphnodesincludedthecranialmediastinal,tracheobronchalandcaudalmediastinalnodes.Abdominallymphnodeswereassociatedwiththegastrointestinaltract(gastric,pancreaticoduodenal,jejunal,colic,caudalmesentericnodes)orwerelocatedalongthemajorintra-abdominalbloodvessels(renal,lumbaraortic,lateraliliac,medialiliacandexternaliliacnodes).Comparativeandnomenclativeaspectsofmurinelymphnodesarediscussed.ThepositionofthelymphnodesofBALB/cAnNCrlmiceissummarizedandillustratedinananatomicalchartcontainingproposalsforbothanofficialnomenclatureaccordingtotheNominaAnatomicaVeterinariaandEnglishterms.©2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Mouse;Lymphnode;Nomenclature1.IntroductionRodents,andmiceinparticular,havelongbeenusedaslaboratoryanimalsinvariousscientificexperiments.Thepossibilitytoproducedifferentmurinestrainsandavarietyofknock-outmice,thehighreproductiverateoftheseanimals,andtheeaseoftheirhandlinghavemadethemthepreferentiallaboratoryanimal.Inimmunolog-icalsciences,murinelymphnodes(lnn.)areoftenusedtoisolatelymphocytesinordertostudyfundamentalaspectsofimmunologyandimmunopathology.Themethodologytorecognizeanddissecttheselymphnodesrequiresatleastabasicanatomicalknowledge.Innumerousstudies,however,inaccurate,misleadingorevenenigmatictermssuchasgenitalnodes(CainandRank,1995)ortonsillarnodes(Deaglioetal.,1996)havesometimesbeenassignedtomurinelymphnodes.Theambiguityofmurinelymphnode(ln.)nomenclatureisillustratedbythelymphnodeattheearbaseofmicewhichhasbeenvariablydesignatedbyvarioustermssuchasparotidln.(Cuq,1966;Grassé,1972;Popeskoetal.,1992),lateralmandibularln.(Cuq,1966),andfacialln.(Wolversetal.,1999),whilenumerousrecentstudiesrefertoanallegedlyauricularln.(Anjuèreetal.,1999;Dearmanetal.,1996;Sailstadetal.,1995)orpre-JournalofImmunologicalMethods312(2006)12–19⁎Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail](W.VandenBroeck).0022-1759/$-seefrontmatter©2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.jim.2006.01.022auricularln.(Hendrickxetal.,1992)inthisregion.Giventhisconfusion,itbecomesverydifficulttoreproducetheexperimentalreportsorcomparedifferentscientificresults.Nevertheless,thelocalizationofthedifferentlymphnodeswiththeirrespectivenamesinmicehasbeenthoroughlydescribedinanumberofanatomicalpublications(Baroneetal.,1950;Cuq,1966;Kawashimaetal.,1964),butthesepapersareseldomreferredto.Asamplebibliographic(Medline)searchfrom1989to1999demonstratedthatof293randomlychosenpapersinwhichthewords“mouselymphnode(s)”areused,89citations(i.e.30%)usedonlyvaguetermssuchas“lymphnode”,“peripherallymphnode”,“draininglymphnode”,“locallymphnode”,or“regionallymphnode”insteadofthepreciseanatomicalnames.Intheremaining204publications,atleast42differentspecificnamesweregiventothelymphnodesthatwerestudied.Only1article,however,containedsomefiguresillustratingtheanatomicalpositionandidentificationofthelymphnodesinquestion(Wolversetal.,1999).Incontrast,intheremaining203studiestheexactscientificidentificationofthenodewaslacking:59oftheseinvestigationsreferredtopreviouspublica-tionsinwhichthenomenclatureusedwasnotbasedonasufficientlyscientificanatomicalsupport,whileintheremaining144articlesnoanatomicalreferencewasgivenatall.Inanattempttorectifythissituation,wefirstcharacterizedthelymphnodesinBALB/cAnNCrlmiceandthensummarizedourfindingsinananatomicalchart.2.Materialsandmethods2.1.AnimalsSeventyfemaleBALB/cAnNCrlmice(IffaCredoN.V.,Brussels,Belgium)aged8to32weekswerehousedingroupsof3to6animalsinconventionaltypeIIcagescontainingnestingmaterialasenvironmentalenrich-ment(Brainetal.,1994)alongwithwaterandfoodsupplyadlibitum.Attheendoftheexperiments,allanimalswereeuthanizedbyintraperitoneal(IP)injec-tionof30μlT61(HoechstRousselVet,Brussels,Belgium).AllexperimentalstudiesdescribedinthispaperwereapprovedbytheInstitutionalAnimalWelfareCommitteeofInnogenetics(September15,1999).Table1ProtocolsusedfordemonstratingmurinelymphnodesProtocolRouteofadministrationSedation/anaesthesiaProductQuantity(μl)Incubation(days)NumberofanimalsIIntravenous(lateralcaudalvein)–Ink+RASa200b103IISubcutaneous,menta