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动词的三种变化规则1、第三人称单数一般现在时形(a)原形动词词尾+“-s”:help(帮助)→helpscome(来)→comes(b)原形动词词尾“ch,sh,o,s,x”+“-es”:teach(教)→teacheswash(洗)→washesgo(去)→goeskiss(吻)→kissesfix(安装)→fixes(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”后加“-ies”,若是“元音字母+y”,只加“-s”:study(学习)→studiesplay(游戏)→plays注:本项规则的“第三人称单数”是指句子的主语。例如:Igotoschoolonabicycleeveryday.Yougotoschoolonabicycleeveryday.Shegoestoschoolonabicycleeveryday.2、现在分词(也称“-ing”形)(a)原形动词词尾+“-ing”。speak→speaking(说)study→studying(学习)go→going(去)(b)原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。live→living(住)make→making(制造)(c)原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。lie→lying(卧,躺)die→dying(死)(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。plan→planning(计划)kid→kidding(开玩笑)get→getting(得到)stop→stopping(停止)put→putting(放置)shut→shutting(关闭)注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是重音落在第二音节者则依本项规则加“-ing”。visit→visiting(访问)begin→beginning(开始)(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。compel→compelling(强迫)prefer→preferring(宁要)3、过去式和过去分词(a)原形动词词尾+“ed”。rain→rained(下雨)walk→walked(走)need→needed(需要)(b)原形动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。live→lived(住)like→liked(喜欢)(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“-y”后加“-ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“-ed”。study→studied(学习)play→played(游戏)(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音[$,!,-,&,)]+辅音字母”时,先双写该辅音字母后再+”-ed“。chat→chatted(闲谈)kid→kidded(开玩笑)beg→begged(恳求)stop→stopped(停止)bud→budded(萌芽)注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ed”,若是重音落在第二音节者,则依本项规则加“-ed”。visit→visited(访问)omit→omitted(省略)(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。compel→compelledprefer→preferred英语字母“c”后面接“e,i”时通常都发[s]音,例如:face,city。因此,如picnic作动词使用时,其词形变化为了要保住其词尾的[k]音,通常都先加“-k”之后再加“-ing”或“-ed”。例如:WewentpicnickinglastSunday.(上星期天我们野餐去了)。Wepicnickedinaparkbyalake.(我们在湖边的一处公园野餐了。)练习:请按指示做下列各动词的词形变化。原形第三人称单数形式-ing形过去式例:changechangeschangingchanged1.walk__________________2.reach__________________3.snow__________________4.name__________________5.push__________________6.work__________________7.test__________________8.drop__________________9.turn__________________10.finish__________________11.study__________________12.open__________________13.close__________________14.pass__________________15.shop__________________1.A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)动词原形(现在式)过去式过去分词costcostcost花费cutcutcut割,切hithithit打letletlet让putputput放下readreadread读hurthurthurt伤2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)beatbeatbeaten打3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变runranrun跑4.A---B---B型(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习meanmeantmeant意思hearheardheard听见(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借给loselostlost失去sendsentsent送spendspentspent花费(3)其他paypaidpaid付laylaidlaid下蛋saysaidsaid说bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买thinkthoughtthought想sleepsleptslept睡keepkeptkept保持sweepsweptswept扫standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood明白winwonwon得胜shineshone/shinedshone/shined发光catchcaughtcaught抓住teachtaughttaught教feelfeltfelt觉得fightfoughtfought战斗findfoundfound发现getgotgot得到hanghanged/hunghanged/hung绞死,挂havehadhad有holdheldheld盛,握leaveleftleft离开makemademade制造meetmetmet遇见sellsoldsold卖shootshotshot射击telltoldtold告诉smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled嗅,闻sitsatsat坐digdugdug挖5.A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下stealstolestolen偷givegavegiven给freezefrozefrozen冻结taketooktaken拿seesawseen看见writewrotewritten写rideroderidden骑drivedrovedriven驾驶throwthrewthrown抛,扔blowblewblown吹growgrewgrown生长knowknewknown知道flyflewflown飞drawdrewdrawn拉,绘画showshowedshown展示(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。speakspokespoken说话breakbrokebroken破碎,折断wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choosechosechosen选择forgetforgotforgotten忘记(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。beginbeganbegun开始ringrangrung按铃singsangsung唱sinksanksunk沉swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk饮(4)其他不规则动词的变化。be(am,is)was/werebeen是be(are)werebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺wearworeworn穿补充回答:(1)大多数动词在词尾加“s”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。(发音的例外情况在第(5))如:①stop-stops[s];make-makes[s];②read-reads[z];play-plays[z](2)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[z]如:fly-flies[z];study-studies[z];worry-worries[z](3)以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]如:teach-teaches[iz];watch-watches[iz](4)以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z]如:go-goes[z];do-does[z]下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。如:1、do[du:]-does[d?z];2、say[sei]-says[sez](5)以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。如:close-closes[iz]在现在进行时中,动词通常要改为-ing形式,也就是动词通常要变为现在分词。变化规则是:(1)直接在动词后面加-ing。如:1.do-doing做2.stand-standing站3.sleep-sleeping睡觉4.eat-eating吃5.sing-singing唱6.drink-drinking喝7.read-reading读8.look-looking看9.walk-walking散步10.watch-watching看11.draw-drawing画12.fly-flying飞13.open-opening打开14.jump-jumping跳15.do-doing做16.paint-painting绘画17.pick-picking捡18.play-playing玩19.talk-talking说话20.cook-cooking烹饪21.see-seeing看见22.learn-earning学习23.catch-catching抓住24.climb-climbing爬25.count-counting数数26.clean-cleaning打扫27.fish-fishing钓鱼(2)以不发音的e结尾的要去e加-ing。如:1.come–coming来2.dance-dancing跳舞3.close-closing关4.make–making制造5.ride–riding骑6.write-writing写7.take-taking拿走8.dance-dancing跳舞9.move–moving移动;搬10.have–having有11.leave-leaving离开(3)重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing。如:1.sit-sitting做2.swim-swimming游泳3.run-running跑4.cut–cutting切5.put–putting放6.get-getting得到7.shop-shopping购物8.be
本文标题:动词的三种变化规则
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