完形填空解题技巧课件

英语完形填空的主要特点1.通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景;3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。英语完形填空的考查内容语篇信息词汇手段语法手段逻辑手段复现同现替代省略顺序关系并列关系分指关系转折关系解释关系因果关系语篇结构（语境理解）语法项目英语完形填空的失分原因分析1、没有严格遵循答题步骤：多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟。切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。2、不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择。完形填空解题步骤通览------试填-----复核1通览----速读全文，把握大意快速阅读全文，通览全文、领会大意，概略了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等。先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。2试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后1.利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择。Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure.”A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful解题技巧2充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。1)Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood____.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.AhearingBhealthCeyesightDtime2)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very______.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous3注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。1）Thecity(Washington)wasnamed___GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after2)Itwas4o’clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas____teaatthetime.A.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving3）SoonIhearda___likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout4.注意词语重现原词重现（包括同根、同源词）同义词或近义词重现上下义词重现词语重现是指某一个词以原词、同近义词或上下义词等方式在同一语篇中重复。词语重现又可分为：（1）.原词重现：有时为了表达的需求，同一单词及其同根词或同源词或同一概念在上下文中不断出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。MyfatherandIstartedourmorningbygoingshopping.Myfather______inagrocerystorewhileIwenttobuycoffeeattheStarbucksnexttoit.A.workedB.shoppedC.restedD.raced(2).同义词或近义词重现在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性语言来连接上下文。Travelershaveendeduplostonmountains,andmobilephoneshavesavedcountlesslives.Theycanalsomakepeoplefeeltrappedandforcedtoanswerunwantedcallsor________tounwantedtexts.A.turnB.submitC.objectD.reply(3).上下义词重现:上下义词是指词的总结和分解关系,上义词是总称词,下义词是其包含的个体或种类。如:food是bread,milk,rice的上义词，反之bread,milk,rice是food的下义词。InMay1934,terribleduststormsattacked_______asfarasWashingtonandNewYork.A.townsB.citiesC.countiesD.states5.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词1).Andvideocamerascanbeusedto___people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch2).Whenthepaperswere____shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.A.collectedB.completedC.markedD.answered6根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中foronething…foranother…等连接词表示列举；First…andthen,First…Next…Then…Finally…用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,although…表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；because,since,dueto,owingto…表原因，等等。1).Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry…___,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes2).Atfirstnothinghappened,____suddenlyalargeratrushedoutofthe…A.andB.orC.soD.then7根据生活常识及相关知识确定选项1）Thespaceislefttolettherailexpand（膨胀）whenitgets___.A.wetB.coldC.hotD.dry2)…,you__①__theinternationaldateline.Byagreement,thisisthepointwhereanewday__②__.①A.seeB.crossC.areD.arestoppedby②A.iscomingBisdiscoveredC.isinventedD.begins2).Irealizedthat____Ihaddonethat，Iwouldhavelostanewfriendandmissedallthefunwewouldhavetogether.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as3).Asmyfather,____workedthreejobs,oncetoldme,…A.heB.thatC.whoD.whoever8利用语法知识选出正确选项解题技巧1.利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择。2.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。（同义词或反义词）3.注意固定搭配。4.注意词语重现。5.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词。6.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。7.根据生活常识及相关知识确定选项。8.利用语法知识选出正确选项。26.A.orderedB.madeC.arrangedD.demanded27.A.foodB.turnC.billD.menu28.A.fixedB.caughtC.cutD.tied29.A.byB.inC.fromD.out30.A.knockedB.fellC.stoodD.hung31.A.takeB.tasteC.swallowD.chew32AdiscouragedB.disappointedC.shockedD.annoyed33.A.rolledB.rubbedC.narrowedD.closed34.A.bitternessB.anxietyC.angerD.sorrow35.A.satisfyB.comfortC.encourageD.praiseTocelebratetheendofourexams,myfriendsandIwenttoafastfoodrestaurant.We26hamburgersandCocaColaratthecounter.Whenour27came,Istartedwalkingtowardsanemptytable.Bybadluck,mypursestrap(带子)got28onachairandthetray(托盘)thatIwasholdingslipped29myhandsandwentflyingintheair.Thetray,anditscontents,30onamanwhowasjustaboutto31abiteofhissandwich.Istared,greatly32,asthedrinkssoaked(浸湿)hiswhiteshirt.ThenI33myeyesandpreparedmyselfforhisburstof34.Instead,hesaid“It’sOK”to35mebeforehedisappearedintowashroom.A固定搭配A上下文及逻辑B词组的辨析C逻辑关系B逻辑关系A固定搭配C逻辑关系D心理常识B标志词C常识巩固与应用2013【陕西卷】Stillshakyandunsure36todonext,myfriendsandIwenttoatableandsatthere,tryingourbesttolook37.Amomentlater,themancameoutofthewashroomand38ourtable.Myheartalmoststopped39.Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskformyfather’s40andcallhim.Tomysurprise,hemerelysmiledatus,handedussomecashandsaid,“41yourselfnewhamburgers.”Hethenwalked42withoutevenfinishinghisfood.Hecouldhavemadewhatwasalreadyanuncomfortablesituationworse,43hechoseadifferentwayandgaveusareasontobelievethatthereisstill44inthisworld.I’llnever45hisactions.36.A.howB.whoC.w