高考英语宾语从句课件与练习

2010高考英语宾语从句讲解师生互动自主发现体验语法学习之乐趣——宾语从句的教学案例NounClause:FunctionsasaNOUNinasentence.Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclauseWhatkindofclausesarethey?1.Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.2.Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.3.It’shardtoforgetwhatwehavelearnedinhisclasses.4.Pleasedon’ttellmymotherwhenI’llgivehermygift.名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that(不能省）/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。分类词形词义作从句的成分注意点连接词that//宾从中可省whether/if是否/If只用于宾从中有ornot时不能用asif(though)好象//连接代词What（ever）（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语…….东西，……事情which（ever）（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语/Who（ever）“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾/Whom（ever）“（无论）谁（宾格）”作宾/whose（ever）“（无论）谁的，作定/连接副词When（ever）“什么时候”作状语/where“什么地方”作状语/how怎样作状语/why为什么作状语/（1）名词性从句构成有3种b.if/whether+陈述句Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.c.疑问词+句子的剩余成分Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.a.That+陈述句•Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（实意动词do和介词后）连词：that,whether，if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3)Iamafraidthathedidn’tcallme.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.2.宾语从句主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等一律用一般现在时1.必须由aconjunction（连词）(that,whether,orif,what…)来引导名词性从句.2.从句必须为连词加陈述句的语序.3.从句的时态必须和主句保持一致。考点：HeaskedWhyareyousohappy?Whyyouweresohappy?AmItallerthanyou?if/whetherHeaskedHetallerthanthem.was1.Tomsaid.Heisreadingabook.→2.Heasksme.Aretheyplayingagame?→3.Whereisthehospital?Hetoldme.→4.Whoboughtthepen?Hewondered.→Tomsaidthathewasreadingabook.Heasksmeif/whethertheyareplayingagame.HetoldmeWheretheHospitalwas.Hewonderedwhoboughtthepen.1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a..当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.c.引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用whetherEg.Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.d.Whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可以e.Whether可以与不定式连用2.注意whether和if的使用区别•1.Idon’tknow___________I’llbefreetomorrow.•2.Idon’tknow__________ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.•3.Thequestionis________thisbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherwhether用if或whether填空2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.eg:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.eg:Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.3.think,believe,suppose,expect等当宾语从句是，如果从句表达的意思是否定的，要把not提前到主句中来。•Eg.Idon’tthinkyouareright.•Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?根据汉语提示，完成句子。1.Hesays___________________________________.(他说他爸爸三天后回来)2.Ourteacherasks________________________.(昨天谁打碎了玻璃)3.Pleasetellme_________________________.(他们正在谈论什么)thathisfatherwillbebackinthreedayswhobrokethewindowyesterdaywhattheyaretalkingabout高考考点：1.连接词选择的三个步骤：1）由空前词判定从句类型；2）找出从句所缺成分；3)结合每个连词本身功能最后确定选择对象。二，主语从句•充当复合句的主语，常置于be动词或实义动词前。•eg.Whatyouneedismorepractice.•Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.•Thatweneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.•由that引导的主语从句常用it作形式主语。•It’snotyourfaultthatthishashappened.三，表语从句•充当复合句的表语，常置于be动词或系动词seem,feel,look等后•Eg.That’swhatweshoulddo.•Reason后的表语从句只能用that引导，但reason后的定语从句可以用why/that引导，because只能用于it做主语。•Eg.Thereasonwasthattheheavyrainpreventedhimfromcoming.•Thereasonwhywedidn’ttrusthimisthathehasoftenlied.•Itisbecausehehasoftenlied，sothatwedidn’ttrusthim.四，同位语从句•1.同位语从句与定语从句比较近似，但只能跟在idea,fact,news,hope,belief,doubt,thought等名词后。•eg,Wearesurprisedatthefactthatthechildrendiditontheirown.••3.Idoubtif•There’snodoubtthat•Eg.Idoubtifhewillcomesontime.•Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomeontime.2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:1）Thesuggestion(that)heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）2）Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引导同位语从句）Difficulties•1.that/what•That在名词性从句中不充当从句任何成分，但在定语从句中作主语、宾语。•what在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语。•Eg,Thathecamelatemadetheteacherenergy.•Whathesaidwastrue.•Thebook（that）hegavemeisred.2.whether/if1)Whether可置于句首，if不能Eg.Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.2）whether可引导表语从句或同位语从句Eg.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.3)Whether可做介词宾语Eg.Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’lllendhimthemoney4）whether后可以接不定式Eg.Ididn’tknowwhethertogetmarriedortowait.5)Whether与ornot连用Eg.Whetheritrainsornot,Idon’tcare.3.Who/whoever/nomatterwho•Who引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义•Whoever不含有疑问意义=anyonewho•Nomatterwho只能引导让步状语从句•Eg.Whoeverbrokethewindowshouldbepunished.•Whoever/nomatterwhobrokethewindow,heshouldbepunished.•Whobrokethewindowisstillaquestion.1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing．A．ifB．whatC．whetherD．how2.Oneofthem