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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 质量控制/管理 > 《园艺植物生产技术》模块一练习一含答案
第1页共4页《园艺植物生产技术》模块一练习一一、选择题(每题2分,计40分)1.桃短果枝授粉花朵数一般为··········································································()A.6-8B.3-4C.2-3D.1-22.新梢在落叶后至翌年萌芽前称之为·································································()A.当年生枝B.一年生枝C.二年生枝D.多年生枝3.一般核桃雌花开放后()d内羽状柱头分泌黏液多,柱头接受花粉能力最强A.3B.5C.10D.204.在枝条停止生长时于枝条的基部进行()宽的环状剥皮,可促进生根A.1mmB.2-3mmC.3-5mmD.6-7mm5.对长势强的葡萄结果新梢进行绑缚时,应采用··················································()A.直立绑缚B.倾斜绑缚C.水平绑缚D.弓形绑缚6.葡萄成熟期要求较高的温度,最适宜温度为·····················································()A.15-23℃B.25-30℃C.30-35℃D.28-32℃7.梨对环境条件的要求正确的一项是·································································()A.以黏质土为宜B.秋子梨、白梨、西洋梨耐湿性强,沙梨耐湿性差C.梨是不喜光树种D.花芽分化以20℃左右气温为最好8.劈接适用于·······························································································()A.砧穗粗细大体相同B.根茎为1-2cm粗的砧木C.较粗的砧木D.以上都可以9.苹果施肥时,全年总需氮肥量的60%-70%应在什么时间施入·····························()A.萌芽后至开花前B.花芽分化前及果实膨大期C.果实生长后期10.对梨的生长结果习性,下列说法正确的是······················································()A.花芽为纯花芽B.是自花不实的树种C.干性弱,幼树枝条直立D.以长果枝结果为主11.硬枝扦插技术错误的是··············································································()A.夏插时顶芽与地面相平,芽眼似露为度B.干旱时,插条顶芽与地面平或稍低于地面C.插条插入基质中1/3-1/2D.长插条可斜插,角度不宜超过45℃12.梨的吸收根一般分布在()cm土层中A.10-40cmB.20-50cmC.30-40cmD.20-80cm13.种子在层积处理时,播种前应检查种子的发芽情况,以便准确确定播种时期。______小粒种子的种子露白尖为最佳播种时期,大粒种子的种壳开裂______时播种最好······················()A.30%-40%、60%-80%B.40%-60%、60%-80%C.60%-80%、80%-90%D.60%-80%、100%14.落叶果树在秋末冬初的落叶是()的标志A.生理现象B.休眠C.营养亏缺D.旱害15.大多数桃树品种在地温达到()℃时根的生长受抑制A.24B.20C.30D.1816.疏花疏果时,不正确的操作是·····································································()第2页共4页A.疏花枝时结合春季复剪,按枝果比(3-4):1保留中、长果枝及部分短果枝B.延长枝顶端、大枝背上花序和过多的短枝花序全部疏除C.选留的花序仅保留发育好的中心花朵D.多用手疏,先疏冠上,后疏冠下;先疏冠内,后疏冠外;先疏顶花蕾,后疏腋花蕾17.环剥应在苹果短枝停长后()内为好A.4周B.6周C.8周D.10周18.重短截是剪去枝条的·················································································()A.1/5-1/3B.1/3-1/2C.2/3-3/419.有关葡萄的芽,说法不正确的是··································································()A.葡萄的新梢在同一节上能够形成两种芽B.夏芽副梢叶腋间可形成冬芽和夏芽C.带有花序原始体的冬芽称为花芽,属于混合芽类型D.未萌发的葡萄夏芽成为潜伏芽20.枣树花芽分化的特点不正确的一项是····························································()A.翌年分化B.多次分化C.分化速度快D.分化持续时间长二、判断题(每题1分,计10分)21.棚架栽培的葡萄,根系分布普遍存在不对称现象,地上部朝向哪个方向生长,则根在同一方向也分布较多····································································································()22.庭院栽培一株或多株果树时,有只开花不结果的现象,原因多是授粉不良············()23.单性结实的果实无种子,无种子的果实都是单性结实·······································()24.梨花开放时花序中间的花先开放,边花后开···················································()25.栽小树,也要挖大坑···············································································()26.葡萄采条应在树木落叶后至萌芽前进····························································()27.核桃开花前或展叶初期追肥,以速效氮为主。追肥量应占全年追肥量的70%·········()28.果树当年的芽到第二年萌发的现象称作芽的早熟性··········································()29.桃树衰老期,更新骨干枝时,应根据衰弱程度适时疏剪····································()30.梨树顶花芽坐果率通常比腋花芽坐果率高······················································()三、名词解释(每题5分,计20分)31.层性:32.枣股:33.果台枝:34.自根育苗:第3页共4页四、简答题(每题6分,计30分)35.简述栽植三埋二踩一提的方法。36.如何把苹果修剪成小冠疏层形?37.试述苹果的施肥技术。38.苹果正常生长需要什么样的环境条件?39.简述苹果根系的分布与特点。第4页共4页班级:______________姓名:________________请注意:按照题号填涂正确的选项,判断题正确的涂A,错误的涂B。多涂、涂错、涂不规范均不得分。第5页共4页参考答案:一、选择题(每题分,计分)1.C2.B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.D8.C9.A10.B11.A12.B13.D14.B15.C16.C17.B18.C19.D20.A二、判断题(每题分,计分)21.√22.√23.×24.×25.√26.×27.×28.×29.×30.√三、名词解释(每题分,计分)31.是指枝条在树冠中成层分布的现象32.是一种短缩状的结果母枝,是由枣头一次枝和永久性二次枝叶腋间的主芽形成的,枣股上也有主芽和副芽,主芽为顶芽。33.果台枝(苹果)苹果的果枝在结果的同时从果台上抽出的1个或2个枝条,称为果台枝。34.就是指利用果树的根.枝等营养器官进行扦插.压条.分株等繁殖苗木的方法,所培育的苗木就是自根苗四、简答题(每题分,计分)35.先将与肥料拌匀的表土回填到坑内,成小丘状,然后将水浸泡好的苗木直立于穴中,使植株的珠行对齐,根系舒展的分向四周,在回填表土,为防止苗木穴内卷曲,埋后将苗轻轻一提然后扶正苗木踏实。再填一层表土至苗的茎与根的交界处,把土踩实,浇透水后再覆一层土。36.(1)第一年:春季发芽前,于地上70~80cm饱满芽处定干,并选取方向和间距较好的三个芽,在其上方刻芽,保证萌发形成第一层三个主枝。及时抹除竞争芽。若三主枝当年秋长至1m左右,则应通过拉枝或拿枝开张主枝基角60°~70°,辅养枝拉成进90°。当年冬季修剪时,三大主枝和中干均减至饱满芽处,在三大主枝上各选一个侧芽枝。为保证选择的侧芽今后能抽成良好的侧枝,可于春季萌发前在选留芽的上方重刻一下。(2)第二年:中干上发出的枝作为辅杨枝。(3)第3~4年:采取轻剪法,每年按整形的要求选留侧枝和第二层、第三层主枝。主侧枝延长头如有空间则进行轻短剪,否则一律缓放不短截,通过连年缓放、辅以环割等夏剪措施促其成化成结果。(4)第五年以后,树冠形成并开始大量结果,此时应有计划地清理临时性辅养枝,以免影响主枝的生长。当树高超过3m时,进行落头开心。37.(1)施肥时间以8月下旬至9月中旬为最好,也可在采收后至落叶前施用。要求每千克施1.5~2kg有机肥,最好每隔2~3年施一次。苹果树氮、磷、钾的比例,一般幼树期为2:2:1,结果期为1.5:1.2。施肥量按生产100kg苹果需1kg纯氮施入,其他元素则按比例施入。(2)苹果施肥分为三个阶段:1、萌芽后至开花前(3月25日至56月上旬)此期以氮肥为主,并施入全年总量需氮肥量的60%~70%。2、花芽分化前及果实膨大期(5月下旬至6月上旬)此期氮应施入20%~30%,而磷、钾肥则施入全年总量的40%~50%。3、果实生长后期(9月上中旬)此期以磷、钾肥为主,结合有机肥的施用,施入全年磷、钾肥总量的50%~60%,氮肥总量的10%左右。(3)施肥方法一般有行间条沟、环状沟或放射状沟等方法。(4)根外追肥即叶面喷肥,一般全年可进行6~8次,果实套袋(6月30日)以前则以氮、钙、硼为主,之后以磷、钾、铁等为主。根外追肥的时间多在无风情天下午15:00以后上午10:00之前进行。38.(1)气温:苹果树是喜低温干燥的温带果树,要求冬天无严寒、夏天酷暑。适宜的温度范围是年平均气温7~15℃,冬季最冷月平均气温在-10~10℃之间,才能顺利通过自然休眠。生长期(4~10月份)平均气温在12~18℃,冬季(6~月份)平均气温在18~24℃,最适合苹果的生长。(2)降水量:苹果在生长期每亩地应有降水量540mm,降水量70%~80%集中在7~9月份,春季则水量不足。(3)第6页共4页日照:苹果是喜光树种,光照充足,才能生长正常。(4)土壤:苹果需要土壤深厚、排水良好、含丰富有机质、微酸性到微碱。(5)风:大风常给苹果的生长发育带来许多不利的影响,在风大地区建立苹果园必须营造防护林。39.(1)苹果的根系深度在80cm左右的土层内,主要根群集中在20~60cm的土层内。(2)苹果的根系特点:1、苹果树根系的生长比地上部开始活动早,而结束晚。苹果的根系没有自然休眠期,一年内有2~3生长高峰,根系的生长高峰于地下部枝叶和果实迅速生长交替进行。2、土温20~24℃最适于苹果根系生长。土壤相对湿度60%~80%、含氧量10%~15%、土壤pH6.5~7.0是根系活跃。
本文标题:《园艺植物生产技术》模块一练习一含答案
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