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1ChapteronePhonetics语音知识2ChapteronePhonetics语音知识国际音标(48个)元音(20个)7个短元音(7短)/Q//e//I//X//V//ʊ//E/5个长元音(5长)/i://O://A://u://ɜ:/8个双元音(8双)/aI//eI//aʊ//əʊ//Iə//eE//ʊE//OI/辅音(28个)/p/—/b/,/t/—/d/,/k/—/g/,/f/—/v/,/T/—/D/,/s/—/z/,/S/—/Z/,/tS/—/dZ/,/tr/—/dr/,/ts/—/dz/,/h/—/r/,/m/,/n/,/N/,/j/,/w/,/l/3ChapteronePhonetics语音知识音素发音要领发音练习短元音口形唇形舌位/Q/肌肉放松,开口程度比/e/稍大双唇扁平舌尖抵下齿背,舌中部稍抬起apple,bag,cat,fat,hat/e/肌肉放松,牙床半开,能放进食指双唇稍扁平舌尖抵下齿背,舌前部稍抬起,比要低egg,bread,sell,leg,get/I/肌肉放松,牙床开得比宽,比窄双唇扁平舌前部向硬腭抬起,比低,比高pig,sit,lip,kiss/X/肌肉放松双唇稍圆舌身降低后缩dog,fox,sorry,lock7个短元音4ChapteronePhonetics语音知识音素发音要领发音练习短元音口形唇形舌位/V/开口程度比小一半双唇向两旁平展舌后部靠前稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿duck,cut,but,love/ʊ/肌肉放松双唇收圆稍向前突出舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起good,book,look,put/ə/肌肉放松,牙床全开,可放进中指和食指双唇向两旁平展,扁平舌尖抵下齿背,舌前部稍抬起sister,doctor,later,father5ChapteronePhonetics语音知识5个长元音音素发音要领发音练习长元音口形唇形舌位/i:/肌肉放松,开口程度比稍大双唇扁平舌尖抵下齿龈,舌前部尽量抬起,但不产生摩擦tea,meat,sleep,sheep/O:/肌肉放松,牙床半开,能放进食指双唇稍扁平舌身后缩,后部向软腭抬起tall,small,lord,fork/A:/肌肉放松,牙床开得比宽,比窄,口张大双唇张大舌位很低,舌身放平后缩,舌部稍隆起card,star,pass,class/u:/肌肉放松双唇稍圆舌身后缩,后部向软腭抬起school,boot/ɜ:/开口程度比小一半双唇向两旁平展舌中部稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿first,sir,word,person6ChapteronePhonetics语音知识8个双元音音素发音要领发音练习双元音口形唇形舌位/aI/由向自然滑动,前者清楚响亮,后者较模糊短促双唇由开到扁舌尖抵下齿背,舌中部稍抬起eye,fly,rice,die/eI/由向自然滑动,前者清楚响亮,后者较模糊短促双唇由稍扁平到扁平舌位逐渐抬高late,say,play,ate/aʊ/由向自然滑动,前者清楚响亮,后者较模糊短促双唇由开到圆舌前部向硬腭抬起,比低,比高cow,our,house,mouth/Eʊ/由向自然滑动,前者清楚响亮,后者较模糊短促双唇由扁到圆舌身降低后缩bowl,soap,home,go7ChapteronePhonetics语音知识音素发音要领发音练习双元音口形唇形舌位/IE/开口程度小一半双唇扁平舌中部稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿year,beer,tear,idea/eE/由向自然滑动双唇由中开到扁平舌位逐渐抬高care,bear,pear,swear/ʊE/由向自然滑动双唇由圆到不圆舌位逐渐降低tour,sure,pure,poor/OI/由向自然滑动,前者清楚响亮,后者较模糊短促双唇由圆到扁舌位逐渐抬高boy,toy,voice,enjoy8ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/i:/eebee,sheep,sleepeasea,tea,meat/O:/allcall,tall,smallorhorse,torchaughcaught,taughtoordoor,floor/A:/arfarm,card,star/u:/ooschool,kangaroouifruit,suit/ɜ:/erperson,herb,serviceirbird,sir,girlurnurse,curse,surf9ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/eI/a-esnake,cake,makeairain,train,snailaypay,play,tray/aI/i-ekite,like,prideighhigh,light,mightyfly,cry,fry/OI/oyboy,toy,oysteroioil,boil,soil/əʊ/o-enote,smoke,noseoacoat,goat,boat/aʊ/owcow,tow,howoumouse,shout,cloud续表10ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/Iə/earear,hear,tear/eE/airair,hair,fair/ʊE/oorpoor,moorourtour,hour/k/ckclock,stick,pickccat,catch,musickbike,kind,week/g/ghghost,ghoul,ghosty/f/phphoto,telephone续表11ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/T/ththank,think,three/D/ththis,father,these/S/shfish,dish,ship/dZ/-dgefridge,bridge/ts/tscats,shirts,goats/dz/dsbeds,birds,cards/tr/trtree,train,try/dr/drdrink,drive,draw/w/whwhich,what,where续表12ChapteronePhonetics语音知识A.cakeB.nameC.gradeD.hatA.NovemberB.monkeyC.nobodyD.noticeA.aboutB.roundC.mouthD.couldA.homeB.noseC.goD.notA.worriedB.wantedC.lovedD.stayed13ChapteronePhonetics语音知识关于介词in,on,at用来表示时间时的区别:14ChapteronePhonetics语音知识关于介词in,on,at用来表示时间时的区别:in用于年、月、世纪或季节等表示泛指的时间前。如:in1996,inMay,inthetwenty-firstcentury,insummer等。on用在表示确切的某一天前或者确定的某天的早、中、晚。Pleaseturninyourpaperbeforeleaving.请在离开前将论文交上。如:onthe6th,October1986,onthemorningof1stJuly等。at用来表示具体的时刻。如:atseveno’clock,atmidnight等。15ChapteronePhonetics语音知识跟How有关的常用疑问句16ChapteronePhonetics语音知识跟How有关的常用疑问句问数量,后接可数名词复数。如:Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?问数量,后接不可数名词。如:Howmuchwaterinthecup?问频率,它的答语常常与表示频率的副词或词组如“once,twice,threetimes”等连用。如:—HowoftendoyouflytoChengdu?—Onceamonth.HowmanyHowmuchHowoften17ChapteronePhonetics语音知识问多长时间,对一段时间进行提问,它的答语一般是一段时间。如:—Howlongwillyoubestayinghere?—Iplantostayfor10days.问多久回来,用在一般将来时态里,答语通常是“in+一段时间”。如:—Howsooncanyoufinishthework?—Inonehour.HowsoonHowlong18ChapteronePhonetics语音知识Therebe句型19ChapteronePhonetics语音知识ExpressionTherebe句型Therebe用来表示某地有某人或者某物的存在,主要分清楚be是用is还是用are,is后的主语只能是不可数名词或者单数可数名词,are后的主语只能是复数名词。Therearetheluggagelabels…,labels是复数,所以谓语动词be用的是are。Thereisaneraseronthedesk.eraser是单数,所以谓语动词be用的是is。例如:20ChapteronePhonetics语音知识一般现在时态一般过去时态一般将来时态21ChapteronePhonetics语音知识Expression一般现在时态构成:主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词后加-s或-es。如:Tomoftenhelpshisparentsdohouseworkathome.(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或者存在的状态。如:HeoftengoestoBeijingbyair.(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.用法:时间状语:sometimes,onSunday,everyweek,onceayear,twiceamonth22ChapteronePhonetics语音知识一般过去时态构成:用动词过去式。(1)过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:Wevisitedthefactorylastyear.(2)过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:WhenIwasinthecountryside,Iswamintheriver.用法:时间状语:lastnight,in1995,someyearsago,inthepast,theotherday,justnow.23ChapteronePhonetics语音知识一般将来时态构成:用will/begoingto+动词原形。(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.(2)表示计划、打算做某事,常用begoingto+动词原形。如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?用法:时间状语:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek.24ChapteronePhonetics语音知识Excuseme……Excuseme…和Sorry…的区别Sorry……25ChapteronePhonetics语音知识Excuseme……Excuseme可用来引起别人注意,也可表示礼貌,意为“对不起、请问、打扰了、劳驾”等,它是在给别人添麻烦之前说的话。通常用于下列场合:1.当你向陌生人问路时如:Excuseme.WhereistheGate12?2.当你向对方询问、了解有关情况时如:Excuseme.AreyouMissWang?3.当你向对方请求给予帮助时如:Excuseme.MayIlookatyourpassport?26ChapteronePhonetics语音知识sorry……Sorry也可以说I’msorry,是最普遍的道歉用语。通常用于表示由于某种过失或办不成某事的一种歉意。回答Sorry时常用“That’sOK/That’sallright/Notatall/Itdoesn’tmatter”等。27ChapteronePhonetics语音知识spend,take,pay和cost的区别spendtakepaycost28ChapteronePhonetics语音知识sp
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