页岩气开发流程

页岩气开发流程2©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.提纲哈里伯顿简介页岩气开发流程3©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.哈里伯顿石油天然开采一体化服务，1919年成立，世界500强之一70,000+雇员，80个国家，2011年收入$250亿，北美58%，国家42%4©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.压裂作业8,000个压裂作业/月完井提供了超过33.5万个桥塞钻井远超过1万口水平井盆地评价超过36个国家的60个以上的盆地物流在北美，哈里伯顿每7分钟卸载一火车皮支撑剂哈里伯顿非常规能力在北美，哪里有页岩气和油，哪里就有哈里伯顿5%6%3%2%39%15%28%HalliburtonTechnologyDrillBitsandServicesVariousWirelineandPerforatingLandmarkTestingandSubseaCompletionToolsStrength(5300patents)5©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.BeijingOffice10/FWestTower,WorldFinancialCentre,No.1East3rdRingMidRd,ChaoyangDist,Beijing北京办公室北京朝阳区东三环中路1号环球金融中心西塔10层TangguOfficeBuildingB,No.160,DongtingRd,Tianjin塘沽办公室天津洞庭路160号B座XinjiangDBSBitandToolCompanyLTD.新疆钻头和工具厂No.80HongYanRoad，Karamay，Xinjiang新疆克拉玛依鸿雁路80号ChengduOfficeRoom405,CrownPlazaHotel,#31ZongfuStr.Chengdu成都办公室四川成都总府路31号皇冠假日饭店405房间ShekouOffice15F/G,TimesPlaza,Shekou,Shenzhen蛇口办公室深圳蛇口时代广场15/GTangguTEDAWorkshop塘沽TEDA工厂SichuanXinduWorkshop四川新都车间ChiwanShekouWorkshop(comingin2012)蛇口赤湾车间(2012年投入使用）ShekouWorkshop蛇口车间TangguBohaiWorkshop塘沽渤海工厂Luntai(Tarim)塔里木轮台基地27Expats27Commuters557Locals6©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.哈里伯顿在中国的页岩气案例在四川和重庆地区提供了四口页岩气水平井的泥浆服务在四川和重庆地区提供了三口页岩气水平井的钻井服务在四川和重庆地区提供了三口页岩气水平井的压裂服务中国的第一口高产的页岩气水平井是哈里伯顿压裂的非常规技术组7©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.页岩气区块开发流程整体体系评估区块价值初步评价地震采集储层模拟井位选择物流保障钻井录井测井解释完井设计压裂压裂监测产量测试一体化数据集成分析区块的整体方案8©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.目的关键要素储层评价ProductionSustainability现场作业ReservoirContinuityMineralogyHeterogeneityPermeabilityTotalOrganicCarbonAnalogousFieldsGeomechanicUnderstanding最大化产量WellTrajectoryHyd.FracturePropertiesPostFracCleanUPWellArchitectureNumberofHydraulicFracturesEffectiveFractureHalf-LengthMultipleZonesConductivityEnduranceFluidSamplingCore/CuttingsNaturalFracturesWellSpacing优化压裂StressBarriersStressDirectionPostFractureEvaluationPre-FracEvaluationFracFluidDesignConductivityEnduranceMechanicalRockPropertiesStressAnisotropyHyd.FractureGeometryFracStagingTechniquesZoneSelection优化钻井WellBoreIsolationGeomechanicUnderstandingWellPlacementMinimizeNPTReservoirDamageHoleInstabilityCasingDesignWellBoreIntegrityWellControlDrillingFluidProperties优化完井NumberofWellsTypeofWellsFieldTargetRateSurfaceFacilitiesProcurementLogisticsEconomicEstimatesThermalMaturityPorosityComplexFractureNetworkIntervalContributionPerforatingStrategyMaterialSelectionRe-entrywellsPad/PlatformHSEKerogenTypeWellBoreRugosityD&CFluidCompatibilityCompletionsDesignFracStagingTechniquesPerforatingZonalIsolationProductionMonitoringMechanicalStrengths/LoadsTemperatureMonitoringPressureMonitoringWellBoreCleanOutFluid/PressureSamples页岩气开发需要用到的参数9©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.多方面的合作核心成员项目经理安全监督物流后勤岩石物理家岩石力学家油藏工程师钻井工程师完井工程师压裂工程师经验10©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.总体区块分析和勘探方案三维地震和露头为主要输入目的层厚度，深度，延展范围主要地质结构目的-储量-井位11©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.岩石物理评价有没有储存条件？储层物性•孔隙度•渗透率•流体性质有没有成气条件？岩石化学•有机质•油母岩质•热成熟度能不能有效改造地层?岩石力学•岩性•机械性质•应力场通过探井收集数据-录井-取岩心-岩心评价-测井-测井解释-建模12©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.数据采集直井SPE153681–Pitcher,BullerandMullen,2012测井用途电阻率油母岩质的饱和度和体积密度和光电总孔隙度，油母岩质和岩性描述中子补偿总孔隙度和气体含量校正伽马能谱放射性元素含量，粘土含量，有机质元素分析矿物组成偶极子声波应力方向，杨氏模量，泊松比，三维应力的值核磁共振孔隙度，油母岩质含量，水饱和度，渗透率，碳氢种类电介孔隙度含水的孔隙度水基泥浆成像裂隙表征，应力方向，砂岩层油基泥浆成像诱导裂缝和张性缝，应力方向，砂岩层岩心分析用途s1，s2油母岩质类型总有机质油母岩质含量GRI孔隙度总孔隙度GRI页岩渗透率渗透率GRI气饱和度GRI含气量X光衍射矿物组成X荧光谱矿物组成电感耦合等离子体元素分析毛细力时间水敏性分析布氏硬度岩石硬度三轴应力测试两个方向上的杨氏模量和泊松比静态杨氏模量和泊松比测井校正镜质体反射热成熟度13©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.挤注测试（DFIT）目的-渗透率-地层破裂压力-闭合压力-地层压力优点-储层的在线性质过程–用少量液体破裂地层–关井监测压力降–对压降数据解释Minifrac-GFunction10203040G(Time)1005010100101501020010250103001035010400A01002003004005006007008009001000D(18.41,57.27)(m=11.53)(41.43,322.6)(Y=368.3)BottomHoleCalcPressure(psi)CorrectedPressure(psi)1stDerivative(psi)G*dP/dG(psi)AADD11ClosureTime41.64BHCP10135CP10121DP191.8FE95.68StimWinv4.8.227-Jul-0816:2414©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.ShaleXpertTM数据分析工具输入：测井曲线岩心分析录井数据DFITShaleXpertTM输出：总有机质矿物组成有效孔隙度气含量地应力脆性渗透率15©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.数据的应用–寻找甜点高有机质和成熟度-气含量高-孔隙度高高脆性-容易增加改造体积-裂缝不易愈合低闭合应力-裂缝不易愈合-压裂压力低低粘土含量-储层不易损伤-脆性高孔隙度发育16©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.数据的应用–选择定向钻井工具AzmuthalDeepResistivity17©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.数据的应用-寻找类比储层18©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.数据的应用–压裂设计SPE115258BrittlenessFluidSystemFractureGeometryFractureWidthClosureProfile70%SlickWater60%SlickWater50%Hybrid40%Hybrid30%X-Linked20%X-Linked10%X-LinkedBrittlenessProppantConcentrationFluidVolumeProppantVolume70%60%50%40%30%20%10%LiquidProductionLowHighHighLowLowHighYoungsModulus7E66E65E64E63E62E61E6LowHighBarnettMarcellusEaglefordHaynesvilleBarnettMarcellusEaglefordHaynesville19©2011HALLIBURTON.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.WoodfordBarnettHaynesvilleMarcellusEaglefordBakkenMinerologyQuartz,wt%25-5440-6025-5210-401—3015-70Plagioclasefeldspar,wt%7-132-58-170–100-171-3Calcite,wt%7-205-3013-445–2025-9515-65Illite/Smectite,wt%2-81-5-20-232-6Illite,wt%17-465-2512-2025-601-501-13Kaolin,wt%00-20-140-2Chlorite,wt%104-70–100-71-3HydrocarbonTypeOil/GasOil/GasGasGasOil/GasOilKerogen%3-15Ro(MaturityofShale)0.75–1.4