不平等与异质性

2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity1《不平等与异质性》所读版本:《不平等和异质性》，王春光、谢圣赞译，中国社会科学出版社，1991年12月第一版。阅读者:黄匡时2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity2大纲一、关于Ｂlau二、关于《不平等和异质性》三、该书核心概念与主要内容四、对该书及其理论的评价和启示2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity3一、关于Ｂlau１、对PeterMichaelBlau的评价２、PeterMichaelBlau的一生３、PeterMichaelBlau的Works2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity41、对PeterMichaelBlau的评价(１)FromWikipediaarenowned（有名望的，著名的）authorandprofessor．(２)ByW.RICHARDSCOTTandCRAIGCALHOUNaleadingfigure（最主要的人物）insociologythroughoutthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,andbyitsendamongthemostcitedofallactivesociologists.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity51、对PeterMichaelBlau的评价(3)ByW.RICHARDSCOTTandCRAIGCALHOUNHismajorcontributionsweretothestudyofmacrosocialstructure—analyzingthelarge-scalesystemsoforganizations,socialclasses,andthedimensionsaroundwhichsocietiesarestructured.Atthesametimehewastheauthorofanenduringlyinfluentialmicrosociologicalstudyofexchangerelations.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity61、对PeterMichaelBlau的评价(3)ByW.RICHARDSCOTTandCRAIGCALHOUNHewasoneofthefoundersofthefieldoforganizationalsociologyandthecoauthorofahighlyinfluentialstudyoftheAmericanoccupationalstructurethattransformedthestudyofsocialinequalityandmobility.Hiscontributionstoconceptualizingandmeasuringtheparametersofsocietalsystemscontinuetoinspireandguidecurrenttheoryandresearch.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity71、对PeterMichaelBlau的评价(3)ByW.RICHARDSCOTTandCRAIGCALHOUNPeterwasproductivethroughouthiscareer,beginningwithapathbreakingandinfluentialdissertationandfirstbookexaminingthedynamicsofbureaucracy.Hecontinuedtoadvancehismacrostructuraltheoryofsocietywellbeyondhisformalretirement,submittingjournalarticlesandworkingwithgraduatestudentsintohiseighties.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity81、对PeterMichaelBlau的评价(3)ByW.RICHARDSCOTTandCRAIGCALHOUNHewasadynamicandinspiringteacher,andmentoredalargeanddistinguishedcollectionofgraduatestudentsandjuniorcolleagues.HeservedaspresidentoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociationin1972-1973andwaselectedtotheNationalAcademyofSciencesin1980.ColleagueswillrememberPeterasamanwithanactiveinterestintheworld,aninquiringmind,aprobingintellect,agentlemanner,awrysenseofhumor,andathickAustrianaccent.Hewasaloveroftheaterandart,butmostofallhereveledinthelifeofthemind.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity9PeterMichaelBlau2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity10２、PeterMichaelBlau的一生PeterMichaelBlau(February7,1918–March12,2002)wasasociologist.BorninVienna,Austria,heemigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1939.HereceivedhisPhDatColumbiaUniversityin1952beforemovingontoteachattheUniversityofChicagofrom1953to1970.In1970hereturnedtoColumbia,wherehecontinuedtoteachuntil1988.Hissociologicalspecialtywasinorganizationalandsocialstructures,inparticularbureaucracy.Hetheorizedexplanationsformanysocialphenomena,includingupwardmobility,occupationalopportunity,heterogeneity,andhowpopulationstructurescaninfluencehumanbehavior.Healsowasthefirsttomapoutthewidevarietyofsocialforces,dubbedBlauspacebyMillerMcPherson.Blau-spaceisstillusedasaguidebysociologistsandhasbeenexpandedtoincludeareasofsociologyBlauhimselfneverspecificallycovered.In1974BlauservedaspresidentoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociation.Hediedofacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity11３、PeterMichaelBlau的WorksExchangeandPowerinSocialLife,(1964)TheAmericanOccupationalStructure,(1967)AFormalTheoryofDifferentiationinOrganizations,(1970)InequalityandHeterogeneity:aprimitivetheoryofsocialstructure,(1977)CrosscuttingSocialCircles:TestingaMacrostructuralTheoryofIntergroupRelations,withJosephE.Schwartz(1984)2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity121954Co-operationandcompetitioninabureaucracy.Am.J.Sociol.19:530-536.1955TheDynamicsofBureaucracy:AStudyofInterpersonalRelationsinTwoGovernmentAgencies.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress(rev.ed.1963).1956BureaucracyinModernSociety.NewYork:RandomHouse(2nded.,rev.withM.Meyer,1971;3rded.,rev.,1987).1957Formalorganization:Dimensionsofanalysis.Am.J.Sociol.63:58-69.Occupationalbiasandmobility.AmSociol.Rev.22:392-399.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity131960Structuraleffects.Am.Sociol.Rev.25:178-193.1962WithW.R.Scott.FormalOrganizations:AComparativeApproach.SanFrancisco:Chandler(reissuedbyStanfordUniversityPress,2003).Patternsofchoiceininterpersonalrelations.Am.Sociol.Rev.27:41-55.1963CriticalremarksonWeber’stheoryofauthority.Am.Polit.Sci.Rev.57:305-316.1964ExchangeandPowerinSocialLife.NewYork:Wiley.1966WithW.V.HeydebrandandR.E.Stauffer.Thestructureofsmallbureaucracies.Am.Sociol.Rev.31:179-191.WithO.D.Duncan.TheAmericanOccupationalStructure.NewYork:Wiley.1968Thehierarchyofauthorityinorganizations.Am.J.Sociol.73:453-467.Theories:Organizations.InInternationalEncyclopediaoftheSocialSciences.NewYork:MacmillanandFreePress.2020/2/25InequalityandHeterogeneity141970Aformaltheoryofdifferentiationinorganizations.Am.Sociol.Rev.35:201-218.1971WithR.A.Schoenherr.TheStructureofOrganizations.NewYork:BasicBooks.1973TheOrganizationofAcademicWork.NewYork:W