Unit10文献阅读与翻译第10章

UNIT10TranslationSkill(10):SubordinateClauses(a)NominalClausesWhatEnglishsubordinateclausesareclassifiedintosixgroups,namely,subjectclauses(主语从句),objectclauses(宾语从句),predicativeclauses(表语从句),appositiveclauses(同位语从句),attributiveclauses(定语从句),andadverbialclauses(状语从句).Sincethefirstfourofthemfunctionasnounsinacomplexsentence,theyaregenerallycallednominalclauses.SubjectClauses(主语从句)1)SubjectClausesIntroducedbySuchPronounsasWhat,Whatever,Whoever,How,etc.Whensuchclausesaretranslated,theymaygenerallyretaintheiroriginalposition.SubjectClauses(主语从句)(1)Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-truth.他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。(2)Whateverhesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。Forexample：SubjectClauses(主语从句)2)”It”FunctioningasaFormalSubject.Inthiscase,thesubjectclausemayeitherprecedeorfollowtheprincipalclauseintheChineseversion.SubjectClauses(主语从句)(1)Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的事。(2)Itisclearthatthedifferencebetweenelementsisinthestructureoftheiratoms.很清楚，元素之间的差别就在于他们的原子结构。Forexample：ObjectClauses(宾语从句)Generallyspeaking,thereisnoneedtochangetheorderintranslatingobjectclauses.However,insomecases,forexample,when“it”functionsastheformalobjectinacomplexsentence,achangeoforderisnecessary.(1)Iunderstandthatheiswell-qualified,butIfeelthatheneedsmoreexperience.我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。(2)Itakeitforgrantedthatyouwillcomeandtalkthematteroverwithhim.我想当然地认为，你会来跟他谈这件事的。Forexample：ObjectClauses(宾语从句)(3)IregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendthemeeting.我被选参加会议，感到十分荣幸。PredicativeClauses(表语从句)Englishpredicativeclausesaregenerallytranslatedintheoriginalorder.(1)Thisiswheretheshoepinches.这就是问题的症结所在。(2)Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事物并非总是如其表象那样。Forexample：(3)Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他就是反对他。PredicativeClauses(表语从句)AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)Anappositiveclauseisclausethat,functioningasanoun,standsinappositiontoanoun.Thefollowingmethodsareusuallyusedtotranslateappositiveclauses.1)TreattheAppositiveasanAttributive,i.e.,PuttingtheAppositiveClausebeforetheNoun.(1)Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)Forexample：(2)Yet,fromthebeginning,thefactthatIwasalivewasignored.然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。2)UsePunctuationMarksorOtherMeans.AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)Punctuationmarkssuchascolon,dash,orsuchexpressionsas“这样”,”这种”,”这一”,”即”,etc.areusedforstress.Theappositiveclausecanbeplacedeitherbeforeorafterthenoun.(1)Butconsideringrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不美妙。(2)Andtherewasthepossibilitythatasmallelectricalsparkmightaccidentallybypassthemostcarefullyplannedcircuit.Forexample：而且总有这种可能性——一个小小的电火花可能会意外地绕过最为精心设计的线路。AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)(3)Thefactthatthegravityoftheearthpullseverythingtowardsthecenteroftheearthexplainsmanythings.地球引力把一切东西都吸向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。(4)Notlongagothescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscoverythatthis“waste”materialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.Forexample：不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种”废”物变为塑料。AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)(5)Itdoesnotalterthefactthatheisthemanresponsibleforthedelay.延迟应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。Forexample：AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)3)ChangetheStructureoftheSentence.AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)Forexample：(1)Anorderhasbeengiventhattheresearcherswhoarenowintheskylabshouldbesentback.已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。(2)Eventhemostpreciselyconductedexperimentsoffernohopethattheresultcanbeobtainedwithoutanyerror.即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。3)ChangetheStructureoftheSentence.AppositiveClauses(同位语从句)Forexample：(3)However,thewritingofchemicalsymbolsintheformofanequationdoesnotgiveanyassurancethatthereactionshownwillactuallyoccur.但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实会发生。TheconceptofnominalclausesdoesnotexistinChinesesyntax.Generallyspeaking,Chinesecomplexsentencesareclassifiedintotwocategories:combinedsentences(联合复句)andasentencecontainingamodifier(偏正复句).Judgingfromtheirsentencestructure,Englishcomplexsentencesarealwayscombinedinlongsentencesbystrictrules,withsentencesembeddedinoneanother;whereasChinesesentencesareshortandbrief.Thefollowingisatypicalillustration:Aswasclearedupsometimelaterwhennewscamefromadistantplacethatanearthquakewasfelttheverydaythelittlecopperballfell.过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息，在小铜球坠落的当天，确实感觉到了地震。问题终于得到了澄清。TheaboveEnglishcomplexsentence,whentranslatedintoChinese,isdividedintoseveralsegments-thisobviouslyshowsthedifferenceinsentencestructurebetweenthesetwolanguages.ThereforeinChinese-Englishtranslation,wemayreversethismethod,namely,translateclustersofshort,briefChinesesentencesintolongandoverlappedEnglishsentences.SpecialAttention:ThetranslationofReportsThenatureofreportsissimilartothatofproposals,bothincategoryandinstructure.ThefollowingisasampleofLetterReport:TheGeneralManager,堪培拉，ACT2600AcmeElectronicsLtd.,Acme电子有限公司Canberra,ACT2600.总经理SpecialAttention:ThetranslationofReportsDearSir,(总经理先生)RENOVATIONS,153HILLCRESTYouinstructedmeon20thJune,1998toreportontherepairsandrenovationneededattheCompany’spremisesat153Hillcrest.(您于1998年6月20日指示，要我对Hillcrest街153号公