动词分类及几类常见的特殊行为动词

动词分类概述英语中的动词是最活跃的词性，英语的时态的体现，句子类型的体现都要落实在动词的变形上，因此学好动词无疑是学好英语的必经之路，掌握好各类动词也就成了英语入门的瓶颈。动词总体分类示意图动词类别特点举例助动词构成时态，语态，否定，疑问Have/has+doneWill+doIs+donedo情态动词说话人的语气Must/may/can等系动词连接主语和表语be/look/sound/get行为动词表示人的行为like/run助动词助动词的定义及特征本身无意义，不能独立做谓语，只能与其后的主动词一起共同构成谓语。主要用来帮助构成时态，语态，否定，疑问等HewillgotoBeijingtomorrow.HehasvisitedtheGreatWalltwice.Theoldmanwaskilledlastnight.Hedoesn’tlikecats.DoyouenjoylearningEnglish?常见的助动词1BeHeisreadingbooksnow.Themachinewasinventedlastyear.2has/have+done3do/does/did4will/would/shall助动词的后续搭配主语+助动词+主动词+其它IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.助动词的否定和疑问方法否定：在助动词后+notIwillsupportyouforever.否定句为Iwillnotsupportyouforever.疑问：前提助动词Hehasseenthatmovie.一般疑问句为Hasheseenthatmobie?Be动词(am/is/are)1肯定句:主语+be动词+其它(名词/形容词/介词短语/不定式等）Heisateacher.Heisclever.Heisathome.Mydreamistobecomeateacher.2否定句:在be动词后+not3一般疑问句及其肯定或否定回答。前提be动词，肯定回答：yes,主语+is/are.否定回答：no,主语+isn’t/no,主语+aren’tIsyourfatherathome?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.4特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whereisyourfather?Whereareyoufrom?系动词的特征不能独立做谓语，必须与后面的表语一起才能构成谓语，有人称和数的变化。Helooksyoung.Theylookyoung.系动词的分类a.表状态的beSheisbeautiful.b.表持续的系动词Heremainssilent.他保持沉默Hestaysangrywithhismotherformanyyears.keephealthyc.表象系动词seem/appearSheseemsworried.Heappearedtired.d.感官系动词feel/smell/sound/taste/lookHelooksmuchyoungerthanhisrealage.Thatsoundsgreat.Thecaketastesgood.Thiskindofsilkfeelssoft.e.表变化系动词become/get/go/turn/fallHefellasleepwhilelisteningtomusic.Hegotangywhenheheardthenews.Hisfacewentredwhenherealizedhismistake.f.表结果的系动词prove/turnoutThatrumorprovedfalse.Whathesaidturnedouttrue.系动词的后续搭配后面常跟形容词不能给副词Hegetsangry.Hegetsangrily.Thiscaketastesgood.Thiscaketasteswell.系动词否定和疑问方法1.be的否定在be后面+not,be的疑问前提beSheisbeautiful.Sheisnotbeautiful.Isshebeautiful?2.其余的系动词的否定和疑问词方法与行为动词的否定和疑问方法相同。Shelooksbeautiful.Shedoesn’tlookbeautiful.Doesshelookbeautiful?行为动词行为动词的定义及特征表示主语的行为动作及状态，在句子中能够独立作谓语，随着人称，数量，时态的变化而变化。Heworksinahospital.Theyworkinahospital.Heworkedinahospitallastyear.行为动词的分类1及物动词后面直接+宾语Welovepeace.2不及物动词后面+介词+宾语Don’tlaughatthosewhoareintrouble.Heislisteningtomusic.行为动词的后续搭配及物动词+宾语不及物动词+介词+宾语宾语可以是名词，代词，动名词,不定式等千万不要用形容词，副词，动词原形做宾语。Ilikehappy.Ilikeeatapples.行为动词的否定和疑问方法否定：在行为动词前don’t/doesn’tdidn’t动词还原。Helikesdogs.Hedoesnptlikedogs.疑问:在句首前+do/does/did,动词还原Helikesdogs.Doeshelikedogs.情态动词情态动词的特征1情态动词不能独立做谓语，必须要和后面的主动词一起才能构成谓语。判断下列句子的正误youmustathome.Youmustbeathome.2情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后一律跟动词原形。判断下列句子的正误.Hecanswimming.Hecanswims.Hecanswim.情态动词的疑问和否定方法疑问：前提情态动词Hecanswim.疑问句___________否定句：在情态动词后+notYoumustwasteyourtime.否定句___________主要情态动词一览表原形过去式词义同义词组cancould可以/可能/能够beabletodomaymight可以/能够无mustmust必须/一定havetowillwould愿意无shallshould应该besupposedtodohadbetter无最好无need无需要无各个情态动词的具体用法1can/coulda.表能力Canyouplaytheguitar?Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.b.表推测，多用在否定句中，翻译成一定不Thatmancan’tbeJohn,forhehasgonetoAmerica.c.表请求许可Can/couldIleavenow?Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.注意：用could提问用can回答。d.表邀请canyoucometomybirthdayparty?Yes,I’dloveto,but…2may/might用法a.表推测意思为：可能。。。Hemay/mightbeill,butIamnotsure.b.表请求,许可MayIknowyourQQnumber?Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t.c.表祝愿Mayyousucceed.3must用法a.表命令Youmustleaverightaway.你必须马上离开。b.表禁止Youmustn’ttakephotoshere.你绝对不能在这拍照。c.表示推测翻译成一定Hemustbeinhisoffice,forthelightinhisroomisstillon.注意:mustn’t不能表示否定的推测，只能表示禁止，要表示否定的推测只能用can’tMust提出的疑问句，肯定回答用must.否定回答用needn’t或者don’thaveto.----mustIhandinmyhomeworktoday?----No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.4will/woulda.表意愿----willyoumarryhim?----yes,Iwill.---willyougofishingwithme?---yes,Iwill.b.表示委婉请求---wouldyouopenthedoorplease?---wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?c.表决心Iwillstudyhardfromnowon.---Don’twasteyourtimeanymore.---Iwon’t.5shall/shoulda.征求意见---Shallwegoswimmingthisweekend?---That’sagoodidea.---whatshouldwedoforourparents’birthday?b.表示义务，责任Asastudent,weshouldstudyhard.c.表建议，翻译成应该。。。Youshouldseeadentist.Youshouldnotstayuptoolate.6hadbetter提建议，翻译成最好。。。You’dbettergiveupsmoking.You’dbetternotsmoke.7needNeed用作情态动词时，意思为：需要，只用在否定和疑问句中，不用在肯定句中，其后+动词原形否定形式为needn’tYouneedn’tgetupsoearly,forwestillhavealotoftimeleft.Need用作行为动词时，后+todo否定形式为don’tneed/doesn’tneedIneedtohavearest.Youdon’tneedtodothat.