定语从句-详解专题检测

定语从句定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin(倒塌).whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?三，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引导Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.四．关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.注意：关系副词可以用“介词+关系代词”替换Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用A．做宾语时可省略B．可用thatA．不可省B。不用that限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory..非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.这两句可否去掉逗号变成限定性定语从句？难点分析（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时.2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.3.当先行词受such,so,thesame修饰时，常用as.(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（三）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)定语从句巩固与练习1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it√√√5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A．whoB．whichC．thisD．what√√√8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same√√√11.Ohthewallhungapicture,____colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its12.WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there√√√14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich√√17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which√√20.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone√19.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.