SAT基础阅读讲义

1SAT基础阅读讲义第1节单项19Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howdidtheterm“spam”cometomeanunsolicitedcommerciale-mail?Flashbackto1937,whenHormelFoodscreatesanewcannedspicedham,SPAM.Then,inWorldWarII,SPAMluncheonmeatbecomesastapleofsoldiers’diets(oftenGIsateSPAMtwoorthreetimesaday).Next,SPAM’swartimeomnipresenceperhapsinspiredthe1987MontyPythonskitinwhichabreakfastseekingcoupleunsuccessfullytriestoorderaSPAM-freemealwhileachorusofVikingsdrownsthemout,singing“Spam,spam,spam,spam....”Tocomputerusersdrowninginjunke-mail,theanalogywasobvious.“Spam,”theysaid,“it’sspam.”9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas(A)nostalgic(B)sardonic(C)detached(D)chatty(E)didactic10.Theparentheticremarkinlines6and7(“often...day”)servesprimarilyto(A)establishthesoldiers’fondnessforSPAM(B)provideevidenceofSPAM’sabundance(C)refutecriticismsofwartimefoodshortages(D)illustratetheneedfordietarysupplements(E)pointoutthedifferencebetweenmilitaryandciviliandiets综合37ThepassagebelowisexcerptedfromSomersetMaugham’sTheMoonandSixpence,firstpublishedin1919.Questions11and12arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefacultyformythisinnateinthehumanrace.Itseizeswithavidityuponanyincidents,surprisingormysterious,inthecareerofthosewhohaveatalldistinguishedthemselvesfromtheirfellows,andinventsalegend.Itistheprotestofromanceagainstthecommonplaceoflife.Theincidentsofthelegendbecomethehero’ssurestpassporttoimmortality.TheironicphilosopherreflectswithasmilethatSirWalterRaleighismoresafelyenshrinedinthememoryofmankindbecausehesethiscloakfortheVirginQueentowalkonthanbecausehecarriedtheEnglishnametoundiscoveredcountries.11.Asusedinthepassage,theword“faculty”(line1)mostnearlymeans(A)capacity(B)distinction(C)authority(D)teachingstaff(E)branchoflearning212.Inlines8–13,theauthormentionsSirWalterRaleighprimarilyto(A)demonstratetheimportanceofRaleigh’svoyagesofdiscovery(B)mockRaleigh’sbehaviorincastingdownhiscloaktoprotectthequeen’sfeetfromthemud(C)illustratehowlegendaryeventsoutshinehistoricalachievementsinthepublic’smind(D)distinguishbetweenRaleighthecourtierandRaleightheseafarer(E)remindusthathistoricalfiguresmayactinidiosyncraticways第2节•Moreremarkablethantheoriginhasbeenthepersistenceofsuchsexsegregationintwentieth-century.•NewtechniquesfordeterminingthemolecularsequenceoftheRNAoforganismshaveproducedevolutionaryinformationaboutthedegreetowhichorganismsarerelated,thetimesincetheydivergedfromacommonancestor,andthereconstructionofancestralversionsofgenes.•Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt’srulinginDredScottv.StandfordthatblackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.•However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhaveneverbeenmineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.•BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-coloredMan.•TheconceptoftwowarringsoulswithinthebodyoftheBlackAmericanwasasmeaningfulforDuBoisattheendofhisyearsaseditorofCrisis,theofficialjournaloftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),aswhenhehasfirstusedtheimageatthestartofthecentury.•InOhio,ourcarsometimesmovedrightalongsidetheturnpikeandwecouldseethenewcarswiththeiroutlandishfinspassingusasregularlyascardsbeingdealtoffthetopofanendlessdeck.•turnpike：n.收费公路•outlandisha.奇怪的，古怪的•fins：散热片•dealt:deal的过去时，在此意思是发牌•deck：一副纸牌3单项107Questions1–6arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthefollowingpassage,authorPeterMatthiessenconsidersNativeAmericanspirituality.Wecannolongerpretend—aswedidforsolong—thatIndiansarea(L2-4)primitivepeople:no,theyareatraditionalpeople,thatis,a“first”or“original”people,aprimalpeople,theinheritorsofaprofoundandexquisitewisdomdistilledbylongagesonthisearth.(L6-12)TheIndianconceptofearthandspirithasbeenpatronizinglydismissedassimplehearted“naturalism”or“animism,”wheninfactitderivesfromaholisticvisionknowntoallmysticsandgreatteachersofthemostveneratedreligionsoftheworld.ThisuniversalandprofoundintuitiveknowledgemayhavecometoNorthAmericawiththefirstpeoplestoarrivefromAsia,althoughIndianssayitwastheotherwayaround,thattheassumptionofwhitehistoriansthatanomadicpeoplemadeaone-wayjourneyacrosstheBeringStraitfromAsiaanddownintoAmerica,andneverattemptedtotraveltheotherway,makeslittlesense.TodaymostIndiansbelievethattheyoriginatedonthiscontinent:attheveryleast,therewastravelinbothdirections.(Inrecentyears,thistheoryhasbeengivensupportbyayounganthropologistwho,onthebasisofstonetoolsandskullmeasurementsaswellaspictographsandcavedrawings,goessofarastosuggestthattheCro-Magnon—thefirsttrulymodernmen—whocameoutofnowheretodisplacetheNeanderthalsinEurasiaperhaps40,000yearsagowereapre-IndianpeoplefromNorthAmerica.)AccordingtotheHopi,runnersweresentwestacrosstheBeringStraitasmessengersandcouriers,andinformationwasexchangedbetweenNorthAmericaandEurasiainveryearlytimes,longb