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如何成为一个更好的交谈者?Allright,IwanttoseeashowofhandshowmanyofyouhaveunfriendedsomeoneonFacebookbecausetheysaidsomethingoffensiveaboutpoliticsorreligion,childcare,food?Andhowmanyofyouknowatleastonepersonthatyouavoidbecauseyoujustdon’twanttotalktothem?好的,我想让大家举手示意一下,有多少人曾经在Facebook上拉黑过好友,因为他们发表过关于政治,宗教,儿童权益,或者食物等,不恰当的言论,有多少人至少有一个不想见的人,因为你就是不想和对方说话?Youknow,itusedtobethatinordertohaveapoliteconversation,wejusthadtofollowtheadviceofHenryHigginsin“MyFairLady”:Sticktotheweatherandyourhealth.Butthesedays,withclimatechangeandanti-vaxxing,thosesubjects—arenotsafeeither.Sothisworldthatwelivein,thisworldinwhicheveryconversationhasthepotentialtodevolveintoanargument,whereourpoliticianscan’tspeaktooneanother,andwhereeventhemosttrivialofissueshavesomeonefightingbothpassionatelyforitandagainstit,it’snotnormal.PewResearchdidastudyof10,000Americanadults,andtheyfoundthatatthismoment,wearemorepolarized;wearemoredividedthanweeverhavebeeninhistory.要知道,在过去想要一段礼貌的交谈我们只要遵循亨利﹒希金斯在《窈窕淑女》中的忠告,只谈论天气和你的健康状况就行了。但这些年随着气候变化以及反对疫苗运动的开展——这招不怎么管用了。因此,在我们生活的这个世界,这个每一次交谈,都有可能发展为争论的世界,政客无法彼此交谈,甚至为那些鸡毛蒜皮的事情。都有人群情绪激昂地赞成或者反对,这太不正常了。皮尤研究中心对一万名美国成年人做了一次调查,发现此刻我们的偏激程度,我们立场鲜明的程度,比历史上任何时期都要高。Wearelesslikelytocompromise,whichmeanswe’renotlisteningtoeachother.Andwemakedecisionsaboutwheretolive,whotomarryandevenwhoourfriendsaregoingtobebasedonwhatwealreadybelieve.Again,thatmeanswe’renotlisteningtoeachother.Aconversationrequiresabalancebetweentalkingandlisting,andsomewherealongtheway,welostthatbalance.Now,partofthatisduetotechnology.Thesmartphonesthatyoualleitherhaveinyourhandsorcloseenoughthatyoucouldgrabthemreallyquickly.我们更不倾向于妥协,这意味着我们没有倾听彼此。我们做的各种决定,选择生活在何处,与谁结婚甚至和谁交朋友,都只基于我们已有的信念。再重复一遍,这只说明我们没有倾诉彼此。交谈需要平静讲述和倾听,而不知怎么的,我们却偏偏失去了这种平衡。技术进步是部分原因,比如智能手机,现在就在你们手里,或者就在旁边,随手就能拿到。AccordingtothePewResearch,AboutathirdofAmericanteenagerssendmorethanahundredtextsaday.Andmanyofthem,almostmostofthem,aremorelikelytotexttheirfriendsthantheyaretotalktothemfacetoface.There’sthisgreatpieceinTheAtlantic.ItwaswrittenbyahighschoolteachernamedPaulBarnwell.Andhegavehiskidsacommunicationproject.Hewantedtoteachthemhowtospeakonaspecificsubjectwithoutusingnotes.Andhesaidthis:”Icametorealize…”“Icametorealizethatconversationalcompetencemightbethesinglemostoverlookedskillwefailtoteach.Kidsspendhourseachdayengagingwithideasandeachotherthroughscreens,butrarelydotheyhaveanopportunitytohonetheirinterpersonalcommunicationsskills.Itmightsoundlikeafunnyquestion,butwehavetoaskourselves.Isthereany21st-centuryskillmoreimportantthanbeingabletosustaincoherent,confidentconversation?”根据皮尤的研究,大约三分之一的美国青少年每天发送超过一百条短信。而着中间很多人,几乎是所有人,更倾向于给朋友发短信,而不是面对面的交谈。《大西洋》杂志等过一篇很棒的文章,作者是高中教室保罗﹒巴恩维尔。他给自己的学生一项交流任务,希望教会他们如何不借助笔记针对某一怀胎发表演讲。然后他说:“我开始意识到…我开始意识到交流能力,可能是最被我们忽视的,没有好好教授的技能。孩子每天花费数小时通过屏幕接触创意和其他伙伴,但很少有机会去发觉自己的人际交往技能。”着听起来很好笑,但我们必须问问自己:“21实际,有什么技能会比维持一段连贯,自信的谈话更为重要?”Now,Imakemylivingtalkingtopeople:NobelPrizewinners,truckdrivers,billionaires,kindergartenteachers,headsofstate,plumbers.ItalktopeoplethatIlike.ItalktopeoplethatIdon’tlike.ItalktosomepeoplethatIdisagreewithdeeplyonapersonallevel.ButIstillhaveagreatconversationwiththem.SoI’dliketospendthenext10minutesorsoteachingyouhowtotalkandhowtolisten.Manyofyouhavealreadyheardalotofadviceonthis,thingslikelookthepersonintheeye,thingsofinterestingtopicstodiscussinadvance,look,nodandsmiletoshowthatyou’repayingattention,repeatbackwhatyoujustheardorsummarizeit.SoIwantyoutoforgetallofthat.Itiscrap.Thereisnoreasontolearnhowtoshowyou’repayingattention,ifyouareinfactpayingattention.Now,IactuallyusetheexactsameskillsasaprofessionalinterviewerthatIdoinregularlife.So,I’mgoingtoteachyouhowtointerviewpeople,andthat’sactuallygoingtohelpyoulearnhowtobebetterconversationalists.现在,我的职业就是跟别人谈话。诺贝尔奖获得者、卡车司机、亿万富翁、幼儿园老师、州长、水管工。我和我喜欢的人交谈,也和我不喜欢的人交谈。我和在个人层面非常不同的人交谈。但我人就和他们有很好的交流。所以我希望接下来的10分钟教你们如何谈话,以及如何倾听。你们中间很多人以及听过无数建议,比如看着对方的眼睛,提前想好可以讨论的有趣话题,注视,点头并且微笑来表明你的专注,重复你刚才听到的,或者做总结。我想让你们忘掉所有这些,全部没用。根本没有必要去学习如何表现你的很专心,如果你确实很专心。我其实是把作为职业访谈者一模一样的技巧,用在了日常生活中。好,我要来教你们如何采访他人,这其实会帮助你们学习如何成为更好的沟通者。Learntohaveaconversationwithoutwastingyourtime,withoutgettingbored,and,pleaseGod,withoutoffendinganybody.We’veallhadreallygreatconversations.We’vehadthembefore.Weknowwhatit’slike.Thekindofconversationwhereyouwalkawayfeelingengagedandinspired,orwhereyoufeellikeyou’vemadearealconnectionoryou’vebeenperfectlyunderstood.Thereisnoreasonwhymostofyourinteractionscan’tbelikethat.SoIhave10basicrules.I’mgoingtowalkyouthroughallofthem,buthonestly,ifyoujustchooseoneofthemandmasterit,you’llalreadyenjoybetterconversations.学习开始一段交谈,不浪费时间,不感到无聊,以及最重要的是,不冒犯任何人。我们都曾有过很棒的交谈。我们曾有过,我们知道那是什么感觉,那种结束之后令你感到很享受,很受鼓舞的交谈,或者令你觉得你和别人建立了真实的连接,或者让你完全得到了他人的理解。没有理由说,你大部分人际互动不能成为那样,我有10条基本规则,我会一条条给你们解释,但说真的,如果你选择一条并且熟练掌握,你就已经可以享受更愉快的交谈了。Numberone:Don'tmultitask.AndIdon'tmeanjustsetdownyourcellphoneoryourtabletoryourcarkeysorwhateverisinyourhand.Imean,bepresent.Beinthatmoment.Don'tthinkaboutyourargumentyouhadwithyourboss.Don'tthinkaboutwhatyou'regoingtohavefordinner.Ifyouwanttogetoutoftheconversation,getoutoftheconversation,butdon'tbehalfinitandhalfo
本文标题:TED-演讲稿-如何成为一个更好的交谈者?
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