ATEN_PPT_chap10_V1.3OSPF的高级配置

Page1/38第9章内容回顾OSPF为什么要划分多域，可以划分成哪几类区域OSPF路由器有哪几种类型每种类型的路由器可以发送哪些LSAOSPF的链路状态数据库是怎样形成的OSPF的路由表是怎么生成的Version2.0OSPF的高级配置第10章Page3/38本章目标理解NSSA及LSA7理解地址汇总并掌握汇总方法理解辅助地址并掌握配置方法理解虚链路并掌握配置方法掌握RIP路由在OSPF区域内的重分发Page4/38本章结构辅助地址NSSA地址汇总虚链路路由重分发OSPF高级配置Page5/38RIP10.10.0.0/1610.11.0.0/1620.0.0.0/8OSPF的NSSA区域配置NSSARouter(config-router)#areaarea-idnssa[no-summary]Backbonearea0172.19.89.0/24routerospf1redistributeripsubnetsnetwork172.19.92.00.0.0.255area1area1nssa!routerospf1summary-address10.0.0.0255.0.0.0tag8network172.19.89.00.0.0.255area0network172.19.92.00.0.0.255area1area1nssa!ABNSSA1200.0.0.63RouterID200.0.0.62RouterID172.19.92.0/24完全非纯末梢区域，阻止LSA3和LSA4型在NSSA区域内泛洪Page6/38OSPF和辅助地址11-1路由器D和F虽然物理上连通，但处于不同网段，之间不能通信通过在路由器D上配置辅助地址解决问题Page7/38OSPF和辅助地址11-2DNS服务器和路由器F位于子网172.19.35.0/25中，并给路由器D的E0接口分配一个辅助地址172.19.35.15/25：配置命令如下interfaceEthernet0ipaddress172.19.35.15255.255.255.128secondaryipaddress192.168.10.33255.255.255.240routerospf40network192.168.10.20.0.0.0area192.168.10.0network192.168.10.330.0.0.0area192.168.10.0network172.19.35.150.0.0.0area192.168.10.0Page8/38OSPF和辅助地址11-3使用辅助地址的两个规则只有在主网络或子网(primarynetworkorsubnet)也运行OSPF协议的时候，OSPF才会通告一个辅助网络或辅助子网辅助地址是末梢网络，不会发送Hello报文，在辅助网络上无法建立邻接关系Page9/38OSPF和辅助地址11-4显示的信息是从与路由器D、F和DNS务器相连的网络上捕获得在路由器D的ARP缓存中记录了DNS眼务器的MAC地址标识，这表明这台DNS服务器是可以直接到达的Page10/38OSPF和辅助地址11-5从上述的分析中可以得出子网172.19.35.0/25正在被通告到OSPF域中，目的地址是172.19.35.2的数据包将被转发到路由器D的E0接口，并且从那儿直接转发到DNS服务器由于DNS服务器必须发一些回复(reply)到与它不在同一网段的网络，因而它会根据路由发送这些回复到路由器F路由器F和路由器D之间并不交换路由选择信息，它将不知道怎样到达OSPF域内的网络如何解决？Page11/38OSPF和辅助地址11-6连通一条链路RouterF(config)#iproute192.168.0.0255.255.0.0172.19.35.15静态路由是无类别的路由，因而可以使用超网的条目来匹配OSPF自主系统内的所有地址Page12/38OSPF和辅助地址11-7但是路由器D到达路由器F的辅助地址妨碍了这两台路由器共享OSPF信息路由器F连接了多个网段，OSPF自治系统必须学习到这些通过路由器F可达的目的地址Page13/38OSPF和辅助地址11-8解决方法——在路由器D上选用RIP协议，与路由器F进行通信路由器D的配置：interfaceEthernet0ipaddress172.19.15.15255.255.255.128secondaryipaddress192.168.10.33255.255.255.240routerospf40redistributeripmetric10network192.168.10.20.0.0.0area192.168.10.0network192.168.10.330.0.0.0area192.168.10.0routerripnetwork172.19.0.0Page14/38OSPF和辅助地址11-9RouterD#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaEI-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortis0.0.0.0tonetwork0.0.0.0R192.168.105.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1.00:00:13,Ethernet0R192.168.100.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0R192.168.101.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0R192.168.70.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0R192.168.90.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0R192.168.80.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0R192.168.60.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0192.168.60.0/24[120/1]via172.19.35.1,00:00:14,Ethernet0C192.168.50.4isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0192.168.10.0/24isvariablyconnected,3subnetted,3subnets,3masksC192.168.10.64/24isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet1C192.168.10.32/28isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0C192.168.10.0/26isdirectlyconnected,Serial1192.168.30.0/24isvariablysubnetted,2subnets,2masksOIA192.168.30.1/32[110/193]via192.168.10.1,01:16:02,Serial1OIA192.168.30.8/29[110/192]via192.168.10.1,01:16:02,Serial1192.168.20.0/30issubnetted,1subnetsOIA192.168.20.0[110/128]via192.168.10.1,01:16:02,Serial1172.19.0.0/25issubnetted,IsubnetsC172.19.35.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0路由器F通过RIP协议传递它的路由选择信息给路由器DPage15/38OSPF和辅助地址11-10RouterA#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaEI-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortis0.0.0.0tonetwork0.0.0.0OE2192.168.105.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1.01:21:35,Serial1OE2192.168.100.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1,01:21:35,Serial1OE2192.168.101.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1,01:21:35,Serial1OE2192.168.70.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1,01:21:35,Serial1OE2192.168.90.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1,01:21:35,Serial1OE2192.168.80.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1,01:21:35,Serial1OE2192.168.60.0/24[110/10]via172.19.35.1,01:21:35,Serial1192.168.50.0/24]issubnetted,1subnetsC192.168.50.1isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0192.168.10.0/24isvariablysubnetted,2subnets,2masksOIA192.168.10.32/26[110/202]via192.168.30.10,02:01:21,Serial1OIA192.168.10.0/27[110/202]via192.168.30.10,02:01:22,Serial1192.168.30.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0C192.168.30.0/32isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0C192.168.30.8/29isdirectlyconnected,Serial1192.168.20.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsOIA192.168.20.0[110/128]via192.168.30.10,02:01:22,Serial1172.19.0.0/16issubnetted,1subnetsC172.19.35.0[110/202]is192.168.30.10,02:01:22.Serial1通过RIP协议学习到的路由将作为路径类型E2的路由重新分配到OSPF自治系统当中Page16/38OSPF和辅助地址11-11RouterA#showisospfborder-routersOSPFProcess10internalRoutingTableCodes:i-Intra-arearoute,I-Inter-arearoutei192.168.50.2[64]via192.168.30.10,Serial1,ABR,Area1,SPF60I192.168.50.4[192]via192.168.30.10,Serial1,ASBRArea1,SPF60RouterA#路由器D现在变成了一个ASBR路由器