(秀秀)高考英语语法总复习：构词法

Grammar构词法(WordFormation)高考英语语法总复习（秀秀）Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?•It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!•Guessthemeaning!Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根据构词法猜词首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。dis+honest不诚实的speech+less说不出话的pick+pocket扒手构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）able→unableteach→teacherspace+ship→spaceshipvisitv.→visitn.合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝＋＝color-blind＋＝sleep-walksleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。合成词汇展厅一.合成名词二.合成动词三.合成形容词四.合成副词五.合成代词一.合成名词例词seafood;名词／代词＋名词构成方式１greenhouse;形容词＋名词handwriting;名词+动名词（V-ing）waiting-room;动名词+名词pain-killer名词+动词(er/or)pickpocket;动词+名词turn-off动词+副词output副词＋动词afternoon介词／副词＋名词二.合成动词构成方式３.名词＋动词overcome;构成方式1．副词＋动词whitewash构成方式２．形容词＋动词sleepwalk;三.合成形容词名词＋过去分词snow-white名词+形容词English-speaking名词＋现在分词man-made构成方式例词high-class;形容词＋名词light-blue形容词＋形容词good-looking形容词＋现在分词warm-hearted形容词＋名词+edsecond-hand数词＋名词hard-working副词＋现在分词well-known副词＋过去分词underground介词＋名词四.合成副词however;构成方式1．副词＋副词anywhere;whatever构成方式2．代词＋副词downstairs;upstairs构成方式3．副词＋名词anyway形容词＋名词五.合成代词something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody构成方式：some/any/no+thing/one/body1)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe________couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,friend,B:by,side,fighter,known,coat,ship,Model:part+time=part-time2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsaboveintherightform.Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.二：转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送wrongadj.错误的n.错的事Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Pleasehandmethebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.cleanadj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.派生法Derivation派生法前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。加前缀：happy---___happy加后缀：develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化Derivation:1)前缀:(1)dis-:disagree,dislike,disappear(2)in-(il-,im-,ir-):incorrect,impossible,irregular,(3)un-:unhappy,unable,unfit,(4)non-:nonstop,nonverbal(非语言的)(5)re-:rewrite,reviewIsitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedHeenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-动词前缀enable,endanger,Readingcan______yourlife.(rich)enrichun-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisibleMatchtheprefixwiththeword.2)后缀:(1)构成名词：(2)构成形容词:(3)构成动词:(4)构成副词:(5)构成数词:-er,-ese,-ist,-ian,or-ment,-tion,-ness,-th.buyer,Chinese,socialist,musician,creatoragreement,collection,illness,truth-al,-an,-ful,-ing,-y,-lessnational,American,careful,exciting,cloudy,useless-fy,-is(z)e:beautify,realize-ly:badly-teen,-ty,-ththirteen,sixty,twelfthSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.sharpenv.__________________strength_____________brightWriteouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________misreadv.________translatorn._____________changelikepossiblefriendworkunderstandathletereadtranslateII.构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_______2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______6.cover_________7.known_______8.practical_________9.tidy_______10.perfect_________11.visible_______12.fit_________disagreeincompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPractice(II):rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese1.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.5.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfa