Resisting-Repatriation解读

ResistingRepatriationBurundianRefugeesStrugglingtoStayinTanzaniaBackgroundtothepaperThereportwasdraftedbyLucyHovilandOliviaBuenoofIRRI.DeirdeClancyofIRRi,ZacharyLorno,andstaffofRemaMinistries,reviewedandeditedthematerialandprovidedadditionaldrafting.ThefieldinterviewswereconductedbyRemaMinistersstaff.Theteamwouldliketoexpressitsgratitudetoallthosewhoparticipatedintheproductionofthereport.RefugeeArefugeeisapersonwhoowningtoawell-foundedfearofbeingpersecutedbecauseofrace,region,nationality,membershipofaparticularsocialgrouporpoliticalopinion.Theyareoutsidethecountryoftheirnationality,isunabletogobacktotheirhometown.Themake-upofrefugees1.refugeesdisplaced-personacrossborder2.inteernally-displacedpersonsthosewhohavearefugeestatusbutdon'tcrossaninternationalborder3.asylum-seekersaskingprotectionfromthegovernmentofhostcountrySeveralorganizationsinthetextTheminstryofhomeaffairs:：印度内政部UNHCR：联合国难民事务高级官员署（UnitedNationsHIghCommissionerforRefugees）Remaminstries:：瑞玛部委IRRI：国际稻米研究机构(InternatinalRiceResearchInstitute)CSFM：美国加州消防处UNHCRTheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeeswasestablishedonDecember14,1950bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theagencyismandatedtoleadandco-ordinateinternationalactiontoprotectrefugeesandresolverefugeeproblemsworldwide.Itsprimarypurposeistosafeguardtherightsandwell-beingofrefugees.ItstrivestoensurethateveryonecanexercisetherighttoseekasylumandfindsaferefugeinanotherState,withtheoptiontoreturnhomevoluntarily,integratelocallyortoresettleinathirdcountry.Usingthe1951GenevaRefugeeConventionasitsmajortool,UNHCR'scoremandateistoensuretheinternationalprotectionof32.9millionuprootedpeopleworldwide.Itpromotesthebasichumanrightsofrefugeesandthattheywillnotbereturnedinvoluntarilytoacountrywheretheyfacepersecution.UNHCRpromotesinternationalrefugeeagreements,helpsStatesestablishasylumstructuresandactsasaninternationalwatchdogoverrefugeeissuesinmorethanfivedecades,theagencyhashelpedanestimated50millionpeoplerestarttheirlives.Today,astaffofaround6,289peoplein111countriescontinuestohelp32.9millionpersons.LearnmoreabouttheworkofUNHCRaroundtheworld.IRRITheInternationalRiceResearchInstitute(IRRI)isaninternationalresearchandtrainingorganizationwithheadquartersinLosBaños,LagunainthePhilippinesandofficesinsixteencountries.[3][4]Thenon-governmentalorganization(NGO)wasestablishedin1960todevelopnewricevarietiesandricecropmanagementtechniqueswithfindingsustainablewaystoimprovethewell-beingofpoorricefarmersandconsumersaswellastheenvironmentinmind.Theinstituteisoneof15agriculturalresearchcentersontheworldthatformCGIAR.Itisalsothelargestnon-profitagriculturalresearchcenterinAsia.IRRIreceivedthe2010BBVAFoundationFrontiersofKnowledgeAwardinthecategoryofDevelopmentCooperation.IRRIiswellknownforitscontributiontotheGreenRevolutionmovementinAsiaduringthelate1960sand1970s,whichinvolvedthebreedingofsemidwarfvarietiesofricethatwerelesslikelytolodge(fallover).ThevarietiesdevelopedatIRRI,knownasIRvarieties,arewellacceptedinmanyAsiancountries.In2005,itwasestimatedthat60%oftheworld'sriceareawasplantedtoIRRI-bredricevarietiesortheirprogenies.AreportpublishedbytheAustralianCentreforInternationalAgriculturalResearchin2011assessedtheimpactofIRRI'sbreedingworkinthreecountriesinSouthEastAsiabetween1985and2009.ItfoundIRRI'sbreedingworkdeliveredanannualbenefitofUS$1.46billionperyearandboostedriceyieldsupto13%.WordPretesttripartite：adj.三重的comprise：v.包含，由...组成refugee：n.难民repatriation：n.遣送回国revoke：v.撤回，取消，废除numerous：adj.许多的reinforce：v.加固，强化forcible：adj.强制的，暴力的worsen：v.恶化，变坏withdrawal：n.撤退，收回generate：v.使形成，发生，生殖durability：n.耐久性，坚固underway：adj.进行中的，起步ceased：adj.停止的，中断的provision：n.规定，条款vulnerable：adj.易受攻击的intensify：v.增强，强化incentive：n.动机，刺激marginalization：n.边缘化，忽视，排斥closure：n.关闭，终止canvass：n.细究，彻查credibility：n.可信性keen：adj.敏锐的，渴望的governance：n.管理，统治，支配chronically：adv.长期地，慢性地ongoing：adj.不间断的，前进的viable：adj.能养活的，可行的，能生育的suboptimal：adj.次最优的，最适度下的contend：v.竞争，奋斗albeit：conj.虽然，即使primafacie：初步印象，乍看的clandestinely：adv.秘密地predicament：n.窘况unfold：v.打开，呈现subsequent：adj.后来的consolidation：n.巩固，合并resettlement：n.重新安置naturalization：n.归化，移入，移植StructuralReadingTwoparts1-6introduction7-10TheUnitedrepublicofTanzaniahasdemonstratedaclearcommitmentinthedispensationofinternationalobiligation.ItwouldseemlogicalthereforeforMtabilarefugeestoreciprocatethisgenerosityofthehostcountrybyreturninghome.Instead,theserefugeeshavedefiedallcallstoreturnhomeandhavebecomeinsensitivetothegenerosityaccordedtothem.Findings1.Refugeesarefeelingunderconsiderablepressuretorepatriate.2.Refugeesareunabletosubsidisetheirrationsastheyareforbiddentodoanythingthatisincome-generating.3.Refugeescanreceiveminimalmedicalprovisions.4.Campauthoritieshaveshutdownschoolswhichhadpreviouslybeenavailabletorefugeechildreninthecamp.5.Inadditionaltopraticalrestrictionsonrefugeelivellhoods,itisclearthatrestrictionsonfreedomofexpressionareaddingtotheclimateoffear.6.Refugeeshavenofreedomofmovement.7.refugeesexpressedconcernthatfearsab