Unit_3_book_3_Grammar_宾语从句_表语从句

NounclausesastheobjectandthepredicativeUnit3GrammarRelatedConception(相关概念)1.什么是名词？表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?TheboyisLiMing.Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语表语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)特殊疑问句：Whoishe?陈述句：Heisastudent.一般疑问句：Isheastudnt?我不知道他是谁我问他是否是个学生。他说他是个学生。陈述句作宾语引导词用——无词义，可以省略thatheisastudentHesays_________________（that）他说他是一个学生。一般疑问句作宾语，引导词用——————有词义,“是否”，不作句子成分whether(if)heisastudentIaskhim_________________________(语序不倒装)whether或if我问他他是否是个学生。Idon’tknow_____________（语序不倒装）whoheis.特殊疑问句作宾语，引导词用——————，必须作句子成分特殊疑问词我不知道他是谁。1.Hetoldus____theywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2.Thenewbookisabout_____Shenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.3.Wearetalkingabout________weadmitstudentsintoourclub.4.Idon'tunderstand_____somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.howthatwhetherthatwhyhowwhetherwhyUsethewordsbelowtofillintheblanks.上面的空大家都填对了吗?上面每个句子都出现了的宾语从句，大家能找到吗？1.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.3.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.4.Idon'tunderstandwhysomanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.1.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.3.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.4.4.Idon'tunderstandwhysomanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.宾语从句Nounclausesastheobject宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。一、宾语从句常见的类型：宾语从句动词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语，Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.5.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。引导宾语从句的词有：连词that(在口语中that常可省略）if,whetherHeknowsthatJimwillworkhard.连接代词who,whom,which等Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?连接副词when,where,how,whyCouldyoutellmehowwecangettothestation?whether/ifwhether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与ornot连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时，只能用whether。Iwanttoknowif/whetherthenewsistrue.Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?Idon'tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.Hedoubtswhether/ifIknowit.1Doyouknow______?A.whattimewilltheplanetakeoffB.whattimewouldtheplanetakeoffC.whattimetheplanewilltakeoffD.theplanewilltakeoffatwhattime解析:宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，故选C。2.NobodybutJimandhisuncle______.A.knowwhoisheB.knowwhoheisC.knowswhoisheD.knowswhoheis解析:Nobodybut…句式中的谓语动词为单数,即取决于but前面部分,要用knows,排除A、B，然后检查陈述句语序，故选D。1.Theydon'tknow_____wearegoinghiking.2.Shewantedtoknow__________hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.3.Iwasreallysurprisedat_____Isaw.4.Doyouknow______skirtitis?whenif/whetherwhatwhose在下列各空白处填上适当的连接词，使句意通顺。1.Hehasbecome_____hewantedtobetenyearsago.2.Shehasremained_____Istoodyesterdayforanhour.3.Hissuggestionis_____weshouldstaycalm.4.Thequestionis_____hecanarriveatthehotel.wherethatwhenwhatUsethewordsbelowtofillintheblanks.whatwherethatwhen上面的空大家都填对了吗?上面每个句子都出现了的表语从句，大家能找到吗？1.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.2.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.3.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.4.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.1.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.2.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.3.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.4.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.表语从句Nounclausesasthepredicative一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthepeople.1.从属连词that（一般不省略为好），whether（不用if），asif（though）等引导的表语从句。Thereason(why)shehasn'tcomeisthat(此处不可用because)shehastotakehermothertoahospital.她没来是因为她必须送母亲去医院。2.连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose等引导的表语从句。ThisiswhatIwanttosay.这就是我想说的。3.连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的表语从句。Thisishowweovercomethedifficulties.这就是我们克服困难的方法。1Mariahastobaby-sit.That’s_____shecan’tcomeoutwithus.A.whyB.howC.whenD.what2---Iwenttoseeyouatabouttenthismorning,butyouwerenotintheoffice.---Oh,thatwasprobably________Iwastalkingwiththeheadmaster.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that4Shelooked_____sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.asthoughC.asD.like5ThereasonIhavetogois_____ifIdon't.A.thatshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillbedisappointedC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedD.thatshewillbedisappointing6Itwas_____heworkedhardthathesucceeded.A.sinceB.becauseC.asD.for7Whatthedoctorsre