语法总复习 不定式to do 用法归纳一(公开课课件)

todo否定式：nottodo分析下面的不定式在句子中作什么成分•1Toseeistobelieve.•2Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.•3Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.•4Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.•5Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.主语宾语表语宾补定语状语归纳：todo在句子中可做：主、宾、表、补、定、状不定式•（一）学习下面句子，归纳用法。•1.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.•2.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.•3.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.•4.Itisnotagoodideatocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorning.•归纳：•不定式作主语，表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。•高考链接•(1)(真题改编·山东)It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone________(employ)asecurityofficer.toemploy•（二）学习下面句子，归纳用法。•1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.•2.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.•3.Mywishistobecomeateacher．•归纳：•不定式作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。•练习：•Yourjobtodayis________(clean)theplayground.toclean•（三）学习下面句子，归纳用法。•1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.•2.Hecan'taffordtobuytheexpensivecar.•3.Ithinkitusefultolearnaforeignlanguage.•4.Ifeelitmydutytosaythatyouarewrong.•归纳：•1.不定式作宾语，常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语动词口诀•决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；•主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；•准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。•其对应的动词分别为：decide/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。固定搭配•2.若不定式结构比较复杂，通常用it作形式宾语，真正的主语放在句子的后面，该用法常见的动词有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。It形式宾语结构：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth•3.一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但是两种情况下的语义不同。•remembertodosth.记住要做某事•rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事•forgettodosth.忘记要做某事•forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事•regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉•regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔•trytodosth.设法……，试图……•trydoingsth.试试看，试一试•meantodosth.打算做……•meandoingsth.意味着•stoptodosth.停下来做另一件事•stopdoingsth.停止做某件事•(补充)接doing形式的动词及短语•1.动名词作宾语：•finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；•practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；•avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；•suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；•keepdoingsth.持续做某事•2.固定短语：•feellikedoingsth.喜欢做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；•beworthdoing值得做某事；havefundoing.做某事高兴•spend…(in)doingsth.花费（时间、金钱）做某事；•havedifficulties/trouble/problems（in）doingsth做某事有困难；•练习：•1.Shehadagreed________(go)andseeamoviewithhim.•2.Themandownstairsfounditdifficult___________(get)tosleep.•3.—I'msorry,butIdidn'tmean________outyoursecret.•—Butyouknow,lettingoutone'ssecretmeans________one'sfeelings.•A．tolet;tohurtB．letting;hurting•C．tolet;hurtingD．letting;tohurttogotogetC•（四）学习下面句子，归纳用法。•1.Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.•2.Theparentsdon'tallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.•3.Sheinvitedmetohavedinnerwithheryesterday．归纳1：不定式在某些动词后作宾补要保留to,如例1、2、3。常见动词有tell,advise,allow,ask,expect,force,want,teach,wish,persuade等。【如：asksbtodo】•4.Iheardhersingtoday．Shesangwonderfully．•5.Shewasheardtosingtoday．•6.Isawhimentertheroom.•7.Hewasseentoentertheroom.•8.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.•9.Theworkersweremadetowork10hoursaday.归纳2：不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补要省略to,和宾语是主谓关系，强调动作的全过程，如例句4、6、8；但变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如例句5、7、9。常见动词有feel（一感），listento，hear（二听），let，make，have（三让），lookat，see，watch，notice（四看）。【主动无to，被动有to】•练习：•1.Theyweremade______(work)thewholenight.•2.Ihaveheardhim________(speak)aboutyouoften.•3.Idecided________(write)ratherthantotelephone.•4.Myfathergotme________(wash)alltheclotheslastnight.•5.Thechildrenwereseen________(run)downthestreet.•6.Ourteacheradvisesus________(read)aloudeveryday.•7.Thecatwatchedthemouse________(slide)intothehousebutdidnothing.speaktoworktowritetowashtoruntoreadslide•（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。•1.Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.•2.Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.•3.AreyougoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldnextMonday?•4.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.•5.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?•6.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.•归纳：•1.不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。•2.名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用不定式。•3.抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语，•练习•1.Theairport________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.•2.Doyouhaveanything__________(do)tonight?tobecompletdtodo•（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。•1.Toseedistantpeopleclearly,hehastowearglasses.•2.Theytookmeawayfrommyworkjusttoaskmesomequestions.•3.Whathashedonetomakeyousohappy?•4.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.•5.Shewasnotsostupidtodothat.•6.Iworkedhardonlytofailatlast.•7.ThereisnodoubtthatMrs.Liwillbegladtolookaftertheboy.•归纳：•动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等。作目的状语。通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首；作结果状语，可用于enoughto,so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to等结构中。•练习：•1.________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.•2.________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.•3.________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.•4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.•5.Hisfatherpassedaway,only_______(leave)himalittlemoney.•6.Sheistooweak________（join）tojoinusintheouting.TocatchToworkoutTolearntofindleavingtojoin•三、不定式和疑问词连用•1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.•2.Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.•3.Hetoldmewhe