初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前Thecarisrunningfast.(名词)Wearestudents.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(数词)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：Heworksinafactory.(实义动词)Ifeltcold.(系动词+表语)HowcanIgettothestation?(情态动词+实义动词)DoyouspeakEnglish?(助动词+实义动词)Theyareworkinginafield.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如：Heisdoinghishomework.(名词)Theydidnothingthismorning.(代词)Shewantstogohome.(不定式)Weenjoyplayingfootball.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如：Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball，willyou?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如：HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直宾+间宾)XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直宾+间宾)4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：Whatabeautifulkiteitis!(形容词)Sheisachemistryteacher.(名词)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(数词)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Thankyouverymuch.(副词)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介词短语)Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短语)Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：Theyareworkers.(名词)Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词)Sheisathome.(介词短语)Ifeelterrible.(形容词)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(形容词)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短语)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(过去分词)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(现在分词)一.指出下列句中主语①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.二.选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is三.挑出下列句中的宾语(若有直宾和间宾请标出)①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABC③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABC④Mymomgivesme5yuan.ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABC⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCD四挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanisfeelingveryhappy.ABC②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABC③Theleavesturnyellow.ABC五.挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABC②Whatisyourgivenname?ABC③OnthethirdfloorareClass1andClass3.ABC⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABC六.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABC②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABC③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.ABC④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABC⑤IseeMr.Wanggetonthebus.七.首字母填空：要求首先判断句子成分后，再判断词性，再来填写单词。Ihavemanypenpalsinmanyc1.Doyouknowthegirlonthebikeinthephoto?Sheisoneofmypenpals.H2nameisReiko.SheisaJ3student.Wearethesamea4—13yearsold.Shel5inTokyo.Shehastwobrothers.Theylivewiththeirp6.IlikeReikoverymuch.ButIdon’tknowJapanese,andReikodoesn’tk7Chinese,either.WeknowEnglish,sowewritetoeachotherinEnglish.Andwealsot8onthephone.Myfavoritesubjectismath.Herfavoritesubjectismusic.Wehavethesameh9.Webothlikes10comedies,playingvolleyballandeatinghamburgersbest.1.c2.H3.J4.a5.l6.p7.k8.t9.h10.sDropacoinintoaglassplacedupsided1andtransform（变）afingerringintoanintact（未触动的）egg,underthecloseandwatchfuleyesofthestudioaudience（观众）,leavingtensofthousandsofviewersmesmerized（被吸引的）byhisshowmanship.Thisisoneofthegreatestperformancesatthe2009CCTVSpringFestivalgala.Almosteveryonee2w3itverymuch.Fromthenon,itt4magic（魔术）intoafad（时尚）amongChinese.Manypeople,includingworkers,engineersandmanyteenagers,becomeveryi5inmagic.Theyb6tolearnitbyt7orp8muchmoneyfortheirtrainingclassestolearnit.“I’mhappytoseethisenthusiasm（热情）,saysLiuQian,whoshowedthemagicatthegala,“Magichasneverbeenassociallyacceptable（接受的）asinChinanow.”LiuQiancomesfromTaiwan.HewasbornonJune25th,1976.Heisacharmingmagicianstarwithcool,shorts9hair.Hev10manyplacesintheworld,showshismagicandwinsmanykindsofrewards（奖）ofmagic.HeisconsideredasChina’sforemostmagicianofclose-upmagic.He