高中英语语法——过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语的用法过去分词作状语:过去分词作状语修饰谓语动词，可以表示_____、____、____、_____、________或________等，在意义上相当于状语从句。时间原因条件让步行为方式伴随情况FindoutsentencesusingV-ppastheadverbialinthetext.1.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettled…3.Hitbythelackoffreshair,myheadached.BecauseIwashitbythelackoffreshair,myheadached.4.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedand...2.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company,called“FutureTours”,transportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.Sincehisparents’companywaswell-knownfor…1.过去分词作时间状语1.Seenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicate（精美的）shape.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflake（雪花）hasadelicateshape.2.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooks…Askedmanytimes,hebegantofeelbored.Afterhewasaskedmanytimes,hebeganto…注意：可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等来强调过去分词所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示动作的时间关系。1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Exhausted,thechildrenfellasleepatonce.Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.=Astheywereexhausted,thechildrenfell…=Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewas…表示原因，相当于由as,since,或because引导的原因状语从句.2.表示原因3.表示条件Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.表示条件,相当于if,unless引导的条件状语从句=Ifitisheated,waterchangesintosteam.=Ifheisgivenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.4.表示让步1.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.2.Badlywounded,hecontinuedtofight.表示让步，相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句.Thoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.Thoughhewasbadlywounded,hecontinuedtofight.5.表示方式或伴随1.Theoldmanenteredthemeetingroom,supportedbyayoungfellow.=Theoldmanenteredthemeetingroomandwassupportedbyayoungfellow.2.Shewasintearsasifdeeplymovedbythemovingfilm.=Shewasintearsasifshewasdeeplymovedbythemovingfilm.过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时，相当于一个并列分句，没有相应的从句可替换.Thefilmstarappeared,surroundedbyagroupoffans.=Thefilmstarappearedandwassurroundedbyagroupoffans.1.____(use)inthisway,thewordshouldn’tbetakenasaverb.2._______(arm)withspecialguns,knivesandbrushes,twospacewalkingastronautspracticedfixingthespacecraft.3.Though_______(catch)inatrafficjam,wemanagedtoarriveattheairport.4.Susanisnoteasytogetalongwith.Butonce_____(gain),herfriendshipwilllastforever.UsedArmedcaughtgained用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。过去分词作状语需要注意的几个问题1.当被问到为什么迟到时，她的脸涨得通红。Askedwhyshewaslate,herfacewentred.Askedwhyshewaslate,shewentredintheface.2.小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.×√×√1.过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语要保持一致另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。（thesignal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语。）(2)Shewentbywithherheadheldhigh.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（heldhigh是with后宾语herhead的补足语）2.过去分词的独立主格结构3.某些分词的固定结构不考虑与主语的一致关系.有些分词已成为固定结构，在词性上已转化为介词，使用时应按固定结构对待，不必考虑他们与主语之间的关系。常见的有以下几种：judgingby/from…根据……判断；由……断定provided/providing(that)…假如，倘若……；在……条件下；除非given…倘若……；假定……1.Judgingby/fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。2.Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing(that)myexpensesarepaid.假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。3.Givengoodweather,ourshipwillreachShanghaithisevening.假如天气好，我们的船将于今晚抵达上海。4.“连词＋过去分词”作状语过去分词有时可以与连词构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。实际上就是状语从句的省略现象。这些连词有：when,once,if,unless,though,asif,although,evenif,eventhough,than,as等。1.Hewillcomeifinvited.=Hewillcomeifheisinvited.2.Whenaskedaboutit,hecouldhardlyholdbackhisfeelings.=Whenhewasaskedaboutit,hecouldhardlyholdbackhisfeelings.每当有人问及此事，他就难以控制自己的感情。5.过去分词作状语时不表被动或完成意义的情况有些过去分词已形容词化，来源于系表结构，作状语时已看不出被动或完成意义。如:(be)lostin沉湎于(be)seated坐(be)born出身于(be)dressedin穿着(be)interestedin感兴趣(be)tiredof厌烦(be)worriedabout担心1.Dressedinwhite,thebridelooksmorebeautiful.穿着一身白色衣服，新娘看起来更漂亮2.Tiredoflisteningtomusic,shebegantowatchTV.由于听累了音乐，他开始看电视。3.Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。6.过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作状语，多放在句首；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开；有时插在句子中间。1.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.从山上看，这座城市非常壮观。2.Theycamein,followedbytheirwivesandchildren.他们进来了，夫人和孩子们紧随其后。3.Tom,horrifiedatwhathehaddone,couldsaynothing.汤姆由于对他做的事感到恐惧，一时说不出话来。7.现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别1）现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作与句子主语之间构成主动关系。Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecangetawonderfulviewofourcity.2）过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作与句子主语之间构成被动关系。Seenfromthetopofthetower,ourcitylooksmorebeautiful.3)不定式作状语，一般表示目的。Togetawonderfulviewofourcity,weclimbedtothetopofthetower.Practice1.Once______,awordbecomesapromise.2.Once______,watercannotbetakenbackagain.3.__________bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.impress;pour;speakA.覆水难收B.流连忘返C.一言既出,驷马难追spokenpouredImpressedCBA1.用所给词的适当形式填空，并与A-C的汉语翻译相匹配。1.______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautifultous.2.______(give)time,he’llmakeafirstclasstennisplayer.3.________(look)outofthewindow,Ifoundmanychildrenplayingontheplayground.4._______(give)moretime,I’llfinishmyworkontime.SeenGivenLooking2.用所给词的适当形式填空。Given5.Comparedwith_________(develop)countries,westillhavealongwaytogo.6.TheEnglishteacherenteredtheroom,_________(follow)byhisstudents.7.Theteachingbuildings_____(build)in1960needrepairing.8.Ifoundmyscho