您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 英语语法主谓一致-大学英语专业
英语语法主谓一致主谓一致Subject-verbConcord“一致”(concord或agreement)指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。“主谓一致”指的是英语句子的谓语动词(PredicateVerb)与其主语(Subject)在数上必须保持一致。2.1指导原则英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近原则。一.语法一致原则(GrammaticalConcord)主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。(1)不可数名词,动名词,不定式,从句等作主语时,谓语通常用单数。Mucheffortiswasted.Toeatwell__(be)allheask.(2)不定代词every,each,eachone,eachof,everybody,everything,manya+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.(常考)is(3)复数名词、代词作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式Allthestudents_____clever.(are)(4)如主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan,except,inadditionto等引导的短语,谓语动词取决于主语本身的形式。Hisbrotherratherthanhisparentsistoblame.Bill,togetherwithhissisters,washurtintheaccident.二.意义一致原则(NotionalConcord)即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。如:Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.其主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词为复数。三.就近原则(PrincipleofProximity)谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式,取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的数。(1)谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.比较:EitherMr.Wangoryourstudentsknowthis.(2)当主语表示确定数量的名词词组并由“onein/oneoutof+复数名词”构成,在正式语体中,动词用单数;在非正式语体中,动词也可按“就近原则”用复数。Oneintenstudentshasfailedtheexam.比较:Oneintenstudentshavefailedtheexam.2.2以-s为结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题(一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题如:arthritis,[ɑ:rˈθraɪtɪs](关节炎)bronchitis,[brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs](肺炎)measles(麻疹)diabetes(糖尿病),mumps(腮腺炎),phlebitis[fləˈbaɪtɪs](静脉炎),rickets(软骨病),这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数。例如:measlesusuallyoccursinchildren.(二)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题如theUnitedStates,theNetherlands,因其是单一政治实体,所以谓语动词用作单数。例如:但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用作复数。例如:theHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.theNiagarafallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.(三)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics,mathematics,mechanics,politicsstatistics,economics,physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.thethirdworldeconomicsispromising.(四)其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题3)表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与akindof,apairof,thatpairof,aseriesof连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:twopairsofscissorsaremissingfrommytoolbox.thecontentsofthebookaremostamusing.2.3以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词,如:police,people,cattle(牛),militia[məˈlɪʃə](民兵组织),poultry(家禽)等通常作复数,用复数动词。如:Domesticcattle(家畜)provideuswithmilk,beefandhides(皮革).2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词,如machinery[məˈʃi:nəri](机器),equipment,furniture,merchandise[ˈmə:tʃəndaiz](商品、货物),通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词A、集体名词,如team,group,crowd,audience,committee(委员会),class,crew(全体工作人员,全体船员),family,public,government,council(议会、理事会)等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda(日程).练习:Theclass_____(consist)twenty-fiveboysandtwenty)girls.Theclass____(do)experiments.B、由两部分组成的物质名称,如trousers(裤子),pants(裤子),jeans,compasses(指南针),glasses,shorts(短裤)等做主语时,谓语用复数Thesetrousers_________(needwash)Yourglasses______verynice.4)当集体名词被以下量词短语修饰时,A:a(the,this,that)kind/sort/type/form/portion(份额)/series/speciesof+名词”或“apairof,apanelof(一组),alargeamountof,acommitteeof/aboardof(一组)+名词”做主语,谓语用单数形式;但“these(those,all,many,some)kinds/sorts/types/forms/portionsof,twopairsof,largeamountsof,quantitiesof+名词”做主语,谓语则用复数形式。Thiskindofbookisusefulforus.Manykindsofshoesareonsaleinthatshop.Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.3.1以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题并列结构作主语主要指主语由并列的名词或名词短语构成,此时主要有如下几种状况:1.and及both…and…类一般来说,两个单数主语用and连接起来,表示两个不同的人或物,动词用复数;但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,动词须用单数。Herteacherandherfriendareinthesitting-room.她的老师和她的朋友都在客厅。Asmileandhandshakeshowwelcome.微笑和握手表示欢迎。Breadandbutterishealthfood.涂有黄油的面包是一种有益健康的食物。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.这个诗人兼作家写出了很多作品Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.真诚为上策。结构every…andevery…,each…andeach…,no…andno…或manya…and…作主语时,动词用单数。Everymanand(every)womanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.Eachboyandeachgirlhasbeeninvitedtothetea-party.Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselfofherselfinneed.2.not…but…,notonly…butalso,or…,either…or…,neither…nor…类在由not…but…,notonly…butalso,or…,either…or…,neither…nor等连接的并列主语中,谓语动词应该和接近它的主语相一致。Tomoryouaretoblame.Washeoryouabletopersuadeher?NotyoubutIamtoblameforthemistake.NotonlyIbutalsomyparentsarefondoftravellingaround.NeitheryounorIamfitforthework.AreneitheryounorIfitforthework?3.主语+asmuchas等当主语后面跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等引导的从属结构时,随后的形式依主语本身的单复数而定。Someoftheworkersasmuchasthemanagerwereresponsiblefortheloss.Hisbrotherratherthanhisparentsistoblame.Mywife,morethananyoneelseinthefamily,isanxioustogothereagain.Man,nolessthanthelowerformsoflife,istheproductoftheevolutionaryprocess.4.主语+aswellas等当主语后面跟有由aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导的词组时,其后的动词形式取决于主语本身的形式。Themanagerwithsomeworkerswasworkingduringtheholidays.Thefather,aswellashissons,isgoingtoenroll.Bill,togetherwithhissisters,washurtintheaccident.Thetruckalongwithallitscontentswasdestroyed.Thankyou
本文标题:英语语法主谓一致-大学英语专业
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4147630 .html