英语论文英文文献中introduction的写法

IntroductionAgoodbeginningmakesagoodending.组员：周志文，祝聪，宁晓栩，刘凤仪，张晓曼1.Whatisanintroduction?2.What’sthepurposeoftheintroduction?3.HowshouldIstart?4.Themodelofintroduction.5.Fourcomponentsofamodel.6.Vocabulary1.WhatIsanIntroduction?Theintroductionsectionshowsthequestionsthatshouldbeansweredforthereadersoncetheyfinishreadingthe“Introduction”.Readerswillaskthequestions:WhattopicamIgoingtolearnabout?Whyisthattopicimportant?DoIknowthetopicalready?WhatdoIknowalready?2.What’sthePurposeoftheIntroduction?Theintroductioncomesatthestartofapieceofwriting.Withoutthispart,thereadercannoteasilyunderstandthemoredetailedinformationabouttheresearchthatcomeslaterinthethesis.Itintroduces:theresearchbysituatingit(bygivingbackground),presentingtheresearchproblem,andsayinghowandwhythisproblemwillbesolved,explainingwhytheresearchisbeingdone.whichiscrucialforthereadertounderstandthesignificanceofthestudy.3.HowShouldIStart?Youmaywanttostartyourintroductionbydescribingtheproblemyouaretryingtosolve,ortheaimofyourwork,butasyouwillseewhenyouexaminepublishedwork,thisisnothowmostresearchpapersbegin—andthereforeitisnotthebestwayforyoutobegin.Inordertohelpyouwritetheintroductiontoyourownresearch,themodelyoubuildmustanswerthefollowingthreequestions:Howdowritersnormallystarttheintroduction?Whattypeofinformationshouldbeinmyintroduction,andinwhatorder?Howdowritersnormallyendtheintroduction?（文章来源数据库）《糖尿病孕妇的临床错误医疗措施》(文章来源期刊)ExampleAnalysisBackground,介绍背景，糖尿病孕妇及其婴儿患病几率比正常孕妇高出数倍。presentingtheresearchproblemandsayinghowandwhythisproblemwillbesolved：随着科技发展，降低患病率成为可能，此项研究也具有必要性ResearchMethod，本文研究方法：个案分析Theaimofthispaper本文研究目的：提高糖尿病孕妇母子健康几率4.TheModelofIntroduction(1)establishestheimportanceofthisresearchtopic(2)providesgeneralbackgroundinformationforthereader.(3)inamoredetailedway,usingresearchreferencestosupportboththebackgroundfactsandtheclaimforsignificance.(4)describesthegeneralproblemareaorthecurrentresearchfocusofthefield.确立研究主题的重要性为读者提供总体的背景信息与第1、2句的做法一样，但是更具体描述了所研究领域的一般性问题或当前的研究焦点Continue(5)providesatransitionbetweenthegeneralproblemareaandtheliteraturereview(6)providesabriefoverviewofkeyresearchprojectsinthisarea.(7)describesagapintheresearch(8)describesthepaperitself(9)givesdetailsaboutthemethodology(10)announcesthefindings提供了总体问题领域到文献综述之间的一个过渡概述了此研究领域重要的研究项目描述了已有研究的空白描述了论文本身的工作详细描述了论文中所用的方法公布了论文的结论5.FourComponentsofaModel1EstablishtheimportanceofyourfieldProvidebackground/facts/information(possiblyfromresearch)Definetheterminologyinthetitle/keywordsPresenttheproblemarea/currentresearchfocus确立研究领域的重要性提供背景事实或信息（有可能来自现有文献）定义题目或关键词中的术语给出所研究问题的范畴或目前的研究重点2Previousand/orcurrentresearchandcontributions前期的研究或目前的研究及其贡献3LocateagapintheresearchDescribetheproblemyouwilladdressPresentapredictiontobetested确定已有研究工作的空白；描述你要解决的问题呈现要验证的预测4Describethepresentpaper描述现在的论文6.Vocabulary(fourcomponents)1.Establishingsignificanceabasicissueacentralproblemachallengingareaaclassicfeatureacommonissueaconsiderablenumberacrucialissueacurrentproblemadramaticincreaseanessentialelementafundamentalissueagrowthinpopularityanincreasingnumberaninterestingfieldakeytechniquerecentdecadesforanumberofyearsformanyyearsnowadaysrecentlytodayoverthepasttenyears(has)focused(on)(hasbeen)extensivelystudiedmuchstudyinrecentyearsnumerousinvestigationseconomicallyimportantimportance/importantofgreatconcern2.Verbsusedintheliteraturereviewtopresentpreviousand/orcurrentresearchandcontributionsachieveaddressadoptanalyzeapplyargueassumeattemptcalculatecategorizecarryoutchooseclaimdevelopdiscoverdiscussenhanceestablishestimateevaluateexamineexplainexploreextendfindfocusonobtainovercomeperformpointoutpredictpresentproduceproposeproveprovidepublishputforwardrealize3.Gap/Question/Problem/Criticismsignaledbywordssuchashowever,although,while,nevertheless,despite,but.ambiguouscomputationallydemandingconfuseddeficientdoubtfulexpensivefalsefarfromperfectill-definedimpracticalimprobableinaccurateinadequatenotapparentnotdealtwithnotrepeatablenotstudiednotsufficiently(+adj.)notwellunderstoodnot/nolongerusefuloflittlevalueover-simplisticpoorproblematicquestionable(the)absenceof(an)alternativeapproach(a)challenge(a)defect(a)difficulty(a)disadvantage(a)drawback(an)error(a)flaw(a)gapinourknowledge(a)lack(a)limitation(a)needforclarification(the)nextstep4.Thepresentwork(to)facilitate(to)illustrate(to)improve(to)manageto(to)minimize(to)offer(to)outline(to)predict(to)present(to)propose(to)provide(to)reveal(to)succeed(this)workbeginby/withcloseattentionispaidtohereoverviewsimplestraightforwardsuccessfulvaluableaimgoalintentionobjectivepurposeThankyou!