六西格玛教材(下)

():2005-08-156Sigma6sigma6sigma6sigma6sigma6sigmaDMAIC6sigmaDMAIC6sigmaDMAIC6sigmaDMAIC‰D‰A‰M‰I‰CA(X’S),.:1.2.X’SYX’S(Y),.10-1530+10-154-83-6X’SX’SX’SA---1.C&EFMEAX,,.2.“VitalFew”3.(),A---80/2020%,80%-----,A---1.2.3.,,4.,1206551332323536.5%56.2%71.7%81.8%88.8%89.4%100.0%0204060801001201400.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%100.0%120.0%A---A---A---A---121034510--067)8A---PCBA1PCBAPCBAPCBAA---2910105810PCBAA---108510109PCBA12551110134494SMT1553105246241421442210212222763882217412211565884322445531145101010565385357105SMTA---4567‘’385‘’224‘’‘‘’1808A---FMEA•FMEA,,:•TeamworkFunction,•,,•••(FTA)•TopFailureMode•,•,.A---FMEAFMEAA---FMEAA---FMEAA---FMEAA---FMEASubsystem/Name:TestingstationSuppliers&PlantsAffected:DELTAChungliPreparedBy:YS.HSUEHDesignAuthority:N/AModelYear/Unit:DPS-XXXABAFMEADate(Orig):10/5/2000REV:00OtherAreasInvolved:N/AEngineeringReleaseDate:N/AProcess&NumberPotentialFailureModePotentialEffect(s)ofFailureSEVERITYCLASSPotentialCauses(s)ofFailureOCCUR'NCECurrent/IntendedControl(s)DETECTIONRPNRecommendedActionsArea/IndividualResponsible&TargetCompletiondateActiontakenSEVERITYOCCUR'NCEDETECTIONRPN()ICTFunction1.OPENdoublecheckNONE53115KeydoublecheckNONE53115RelayBoardNONE53115CHECKNONE52110NONE532302.ShortdoublecheckNONE531153.ComponentdoublecheckNONE63118CHECKNONE62112Function1.reviewNONE1*OI,,TEGavinHuang12/3/00'Cutin12/5/2000KEYreviewNONE*TEGavinHuang12/3/00'Cutin12/10/20002.*Cutin12/15/2000NONE3.OUTOFSPEC.reviewNONE4.NOP.reviewNONE*Cutin12/10/2000reviewNONE()TappingFunctionShortreviewNONEreviewNONETappingreviewNONEConnectorreviewNONE1of2FAILUREMODE&EFFECTSANALYSIS(PROCESSFMEA)ACTIONRESULTSProcessFunctionA----1.---Ho----(,)P0.05Ha-----(,)P0.05T----(,)----F-------Pareto2.3.A----1.(),Histogram,MultipleDotplotBoxplot,Scatterplot,Marginalplot,MatrixplotTimeserialsplotMulti—VariChart2.()1samplet,2samplet,Pairedt,ANOVATestforEqualVaariance.Ftest1Proportion,2Proportions,Chi-squaretestKruskalwallisCorrelation,RegressionA----,AY1-11801601401201008060BoxplotofYbyAMeanofY432112000115001100010500MainEffectsPlot(datameans)forY2.01.91.81.71.61.51.41.320.017.515.012.510.07.55.0ScatterplotofvsA----DisplayDescriptiveStatisticsHistogramDotplotBoxplotMultipleDotplotParetochart,PiechartScatterplotMarginalplot,MatrixplotTimeserailsplotMulti—VarichartA----H0HaH0=512A----IH0H0αα=5%IIβIαH0H0H0H0,IIH0H0ββ=15%,P0.05P0.05PH0H0A----A----(1)/(2)--H0--Ha(3)tFX²(4)αβα=5%β=15%(5)δ/σ(6)(7)tFX²(8)PPαH0HaPαH0(9)A----A----95%A----NoTestHo:NullHypothesisHa:AlternativeHypothesis1NormalityTestDataisnormallydistributedDataisnotnormallydistributed2T-testµ1=µ2µ1µ23ANOVAµ1=µ2=µ3=µιAnyoneµnotequal4TestforEqualVariance-FTest,Bartlette,Levineσ1=σ2=σ3Anyoneσnotequal5ChiSquareTestOccurenceofDefectsisindependentofXOccurenceofDefectsisdependentofXa0=0a00a1=0a10a2=0a20aN=0aN0AnalysisofVariancefromRegressionRegressionmodelisvalidRegressionmodelisnotvalida0=0a00a1=0a10a2=0a20aN=0aN0AnalysisofVariancefromRegressionDOEmodelisvalidDOEmodelisnotvalidRegression:Testoncoefficient-Isthefactorsignificant?DOE:Testoncoefficient-Isthefactorsignificant?67A----(ANOVA).,.,,.Fo=Va()Ve()(delta,δ)Level1Level2A----CTQ(Y)SST(SST=TotalSumofSquare.(Factor)(SSB=SumofSquareBetween)(SSW=SumofSquarewithin)().(VitalFew),.A----(delta,δ)Level1Level2gnjJ=1i=1(Xij-Xj2SSw=g(Xj-X2SSB=njj=1gnj(Xij-X2SST=J=1i=1Xij=jig=X=nj=jXj=jANOVAAvgSSBAvgSSWF=A----A----A----One-wayANOVA:YversusASourceDFSSMSFPA1212821282.440.132Error2219156871Total2321285S=29.51R-Sq=10.00%R-Sq(adj)=5.91%Individual95%CIsForMeanBasedonPooledStDevLevelNMeanStDev-+---------+---------+---------+---------112125.1735.30(----------*-----------)112106.3322.25(-----------*-----------)-+---------+---------+---------+--------90105120135PooledStDev=29.51AY1-11801601401201008060BoxplotofYbyAP0.05,AYA----2.01.91.81.71.61.51.41.320.017.515.012.510.07.55.0ScatterplotofvsCorrelations:,Pearsoncorrelationofand=0.998P-Value=0.000,r=0.998,,,.A----?YX-----?,X?,Y=F(X)A----:Y=a+bX:Y=a+bX+cX+dXY=axbX::Y=a+bX1+cX2+dX3A----A----rrrrrrrr2.01.91.81.71.61.51.41.320.017.515.012.510.07.55.0ScatterplotofrrrrvsrrrrRegressionAnalysis:versusTheregressionequationis=-24.6+22.0PredictorCoefSECoefTPConstant-24.61280.6164-39.930.00021.95010.367059.810.0006sigmaDMAIC6sigmaDMAIC‰D‰A‰M‰I‰C‰‰‰X‰DOE‰‰DOEI----I----1.,2.:,()3.4.,,I----1.2.3.,4.5.(DOE...I----DOE(,)I----DOEDOEDOEQCCDOE1.()2.()3.I----DOEDOE,.DOE:1.Y2.XY3.XY4.XX1X2.----XpZ1Z2.----ZqI----DOEDOEDOE1.2.3.7.8.9.6.,1.2.3.4.5.I----DOE2002-5-25DOEDOEMTBF10000H10/,DOEI----DOE,20±1045--65%,I----DOEY1Y2Y3Y411102009850113001253022119001289012100109003313930102108300950044124001029089659460YI----DOEI----DOEOne-wayANOVA:YversusSourceDFSSMSFP3643018021433930.840.499Error12306937692557814Total1537123948S=1599R-Sq=17.32%R-Sq(adj)=0.00%Individual95%CIsForMeanBasedonPooledStDevLevelNMeanStDev---+---------+---------+---------+------14109701210(----------*-----------)2411950814(-----------*----------)34104852428(-----------*-----------)44103241486(-----------*----------)---+---------+---------+---------+--